Human Emotions (1) |Emoções Menschliche Emotionen (1) Emociones humanas (1) Emozioni umane (1) 人間の感情 (1) 인간의 감정 (1) Ludzkie emocje (1) Emoções humanas (1) Человеческие эмоции (1) İnsan Duyguları (1) Людські емоції (1) 人类情感 (1)

Hello. Merhaba.

Welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil. 6 Dakikalık İngilizce'ye hoş geldiniz, ben Neil.

And I'm Sam. Ben de Sam.

And we are sitting here in New Broadcasting House, in the middle of London. |||||||Broadcasting House||||center|| E nós estamos aqui sentados na New Broadcasting House, no centro de Londres. Biz de burada, Londra'nın ortasındaki New Broadcasting House'da oturuyoruz.

Would you say, Sam, that this is an isolated place? ||||||||remote| Buranın izole bir yer olduğunu söyleyebilir misin Sam?

Oh no, not at all.

Isolated means far away from other places and people. ||distant, remote||||||

Does that mean then, do you think, that you can't be lonely here, with all these people Does that mean then, do you think, that you can't be lonely here, with all these people ということは、この人たちと一緒にいれば、孤独になることはないということでしょうか。 Значит ли это, что вы не можете быть одиноки здесь, со всеми этими людьми?

around and all these things to do?

Ah, good question.

Can you be lonely in a crowd? ||||||group of people 群衆の中で孤独になれますか？

Yes, of course, I think you can be because being lonely isn't about physical isolation. はい、もちろん、孤独であることは物理的な孤立ではないので、あなたはそうすることができると思います。

I think you can be lonely anywhere if you feel that you are disconnected from the world

around you, if you feel that no one understands you. Etrafınızda kimsenin sizi anlamadığını hissediyorsanız.

If you are living happily in isolation in The Scottish Highlands, for example, I'm sure ||||||||||Scottish Highlands|||| If you are living happily in isolation in The Scottish Highlands, for example, I'm sure たとえば、スコットランドのハイランド地方で孤立して幸せに暮らしているなら、きっと

you could feel lonely if you came here to London. ここロンドンに来たら寂しいです。

Well, loneliness is today's topic. Well, loneliness is today's topic. さて、本日は「孤独」がテーマです。

The BBC has just completed a big survey about it which we will learn more about shortly. ||||||||||||||||soon

But first, of course, a question: Where is the most isolated inhabited place on the planet |||||||||||inhabited|||| لكن أولاً ، بالطبع ، سؤال: أين هو المكان الأكثر عزلة مأهولة بالسكان على هذا الكوكب しかし、最初に、もちろん、質問：地球上で最も孤立した人が住んでいる場所はどこですか

- by which I mean the place furthest away from anywhere else with the fewest people ||||||most remote|||||||least number|

living there.

Is it:

a) McMurdo Station in Antarctica |research station||| a）南極のマクマード基地

b) Siwa Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert, or is it |Siwa Oasis|||||desert||| b）エジプトの西部砂漠のシワオアシス、それともそれですか

c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic ||||Tristan da Cunha|||||| c）南大西洋のトリスタンダクーニャ島

What do you think, Sam?

I've got absolutely no idea, so this is just a guess - I think it's the one in Antarctica. ||||||||||estimate||||||| Ich habe absolut keine Ahnung, also ist das nur eine Vermutung - ich denke, es ist die in der Antarktis.

I'm going to go with that. Ich schließe mich dem an. 私はそれで行くつもりです。

Well, we'll have the answer later on in the programme.

Loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population, so much so ||||||||||||||so much||

that the British government has a minister for loneliness. ||||||孤独担当大臣||

But which age group suffers most from loneliness. Aber welche Altersgruppe leidet am meisten unter Einsamkeit?

Here is a BBC report about the research.

There is a common stereotype that loneliness affects only the old and the isolated. ||||stereotype||||||||| 孤独は古いものと孤立したものだけに影響を与えるという一般的なステレオタイプがあります。

It does, but what this experiment also shows is that loneliness is felt throughout life. |||||||||||||during all|

People aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other Люди у віці від 16 до 24 років відчувають самотність частіше та сильніше, ніж будь-хто інший

age group.

So according to the research, Sam, which section of society is most affected by loneliness?

This might be a surprise, but it's 16 to 24 year olds.

I was surprised by that because like many, I would've guessed that it was older people. |||||||||would have|||||| |||||||||だと思った|||||| 多くの人と同じように、それは年配の人だと思っていたので、私はそれに驚きました。

The reporter did say that that was a stereotype.

A stereotype is nothing to do with stereo music, but it's the noun we use to describe |fixed idea||||||||||||||| |||||||ステレオタイプ|||||||||

a very simple and basic judgement of someone and their character and personality based |||||judgment|||||character||| |||||判断||||||||

on their age, nationality, profession and so on. |||国籍||||

So a stereotype of British people is that we can't cook, we have bad teeth, we are very ||||||||||||||teeth||| イギリス人のステレオタイプは、料理ができない、歯が悪い、というものです。

reserved and never say what we mean. 控えめな|||||| 予約し、私たちが何を意味するかを決して言わないでください。

I don't know what you mean, my cooking is wonderful, Sam.

And the stereotype is that old people get lonely.

Much like the stereotypes of British people, this may be true in some cases - I've eaten

some of your home-cooked meals remember, Neil - but it's not true for the majority. ||||||||||||||most of them

It is young people who feel lonely more often and more intensely.

Intensely here means strongly.

The feeling of loneliness is stronger in young people than older people. |||isolation||||||||

The reporter goes on to give some explanation for why young people might be more lonely. |||||||||||||||isolated

Researchers from the University of Manchester who analysed the data, suggested feeling lonely |||||||||data|||

may plague the young because it's a time of identity change. |afflict||||||||identity| |悩ませる|||||||||

Figuring out your place in the world and of learning to regulate emotions. 世界であなたの場所を理解し、感情を調整することを学ぶ。

He says that feeling lonely may plague young people, what does he mean there? ||||||afflict||||||| Он говорит, что чувство одиночества может мучить молодых людей, но что он имеет в виду?

If you are plagued by something, it means that it troubles you, it bothers you and not |||||||||||||troubles|||

just once, it's something that happens continually or repeatedly. ||||||||continually

And he says this may be because at that age we are still figuring out our place in the |||||||||||||discovering|||||

world.

We are trying to understand the world and what we are supposed to do with our lives. |||||||||||expected to|||||

He also suggests that younger people have not yet learned how to regulate their emotions, كما يقترح أن الشباب لم يتعلموا بعد كيفية تنظيم عواطفهم ،

which is another way of saying to control their emotions. وهي طريقة أخرى للقول للسيطرة على عواطفهم.

Right.

Time to review this week's vocabulary, but before that let's have the answer to the quiz.

I asked: Where is the most isolated inhabited place on the planet? |||||||inhabited||||

Is it:

a) McMurdo Station in Antarctica

b) Siwa Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert or

c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic

What did you say, Sam?

I said a).

Well, I'm afraid to say the answer is actually c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South

Atlantic.

It has a population of fewer than 300 and it's only accessible by a 6-day voyage by |||||less than|||||reachable||||| ||||||||||||||航海|

ship from South Africa.

So not a popular place for a weekend break! ||||||||trip getaway holiday 週末の休憩には人気の場所ではありません！

Indeed not. certainly not| 確かにそうではありません。

Now it's time for a recap of our vocabulary.

The first word was isolated which Tristan da Cunha certainly is.

It means far away from other place and people.

Then there was stereotype the noun for a simplistic view of person or group based on their nationality, ||||||||oversimplified|||||||||

age, profession and the like.

Intensely means strongly.

Being plagued by something means it causes you problems and difficulties. |troubled|||||||||

If you are trying to figure something out, you are trying to understand it. |||||figure||||||||

And to regulate something means to control it.

Well, sadly, that's the end of the programme.

Hopefully you won't feel too lonely without us, remember we are always here on Instagram,

Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, our App and of course the website BBClearningenglish.com.

See you soon.

Goodbye.

Bye!

Hello.

Welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.

This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach ||||||||||||fascinating|||

some related English vocabulary.

And joining me to do this is Rob.

Hello, Neil.

Now Rob, you seem like a happy chappy. |||||||happy person |||||||幸せな人 Rob, du scheinst ein glücklicher Kerl zu sein. 今ロブ、あなたは幸せな幸せのようです。

What's the point of being miserable? ||purpose||| 惨めになることのポイントは何ですか？

Well, that are many things that could make you feel down in the dumps – a phrase that |||||||||||||downcast||| さて、それはあなたがダンプで気分を害する可能性がある多くのことです–そのフレーズ

means 'unhappy' – but what are the things that keep you feeling happy, cheerful and ||||||||||||joyful|

chirpy, Rob? cheerful| 元気かい、ロブ？|

Oh, many things like being healthy, having good friends, presenting programmes like this |||||being well|||||||

with you, Neil!

Of course – but we all have different ideas about what makes us happy – and that can

vary from country to country and culture to culture.

It's what we're talking about today – concepts of happiness. ||||||||concepts of happiness

Now Neil, you could make us even happier if you gave us a really good question to answer. ニール、本当に良い質問に答えてくれれば、私たちをさらに幸せにすることができます。

Here it is.

Happiness is an emotion that actually gets measured. Счастье - это эмоция, которая действительно измеряется.

The World Happiness Report measures "subjective well-being" - how happy the people are, and ||Happiness|||personal evaluation|||||||| 世界幸福度報告は、「主観的な幸福」、つまり人々がどれほど幸せであるか、そして

why.

But do you know, according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the happiest しかし、2017年の国連機関の報告によると、最も幸せなことを知っていますか

country on Earth?

Is it… a) Norway

b) Japan, or c) New Zealand?

WeIl, I think they're all very happy places but the outdoor life of many New Zealanders |||||||||||||||people from New Zealand Я думаю, что все они очень счастливые места, но жизнь на свежем воздухе многих новозеландцев

must make New Zealand the happiest place.

OK, we'll see.

I'll reveal the answer later on.

But now back to our discussion about happiness around the world.

Happiness can be hard to define.

Research has suggested that while personal feelings of pleasure are the accepted definition

of happiness in Western cultures, East Asian cultures tend to see happiness as social harmony |||Western cultures|||||||||||harmony

and in some parts of Africa and India it's more about shared experiences and family.

It's something author and journalist Helen Russell has been looking at – she's even |||||Helen Russell||||||| Автор и журналист Хелен Рассел изучает этот вопрос - она даже

created an 'Atlas of Happiness'. 「幸福のアトラス」を作成しました。

Her research focused on the positive characteristics of a country's population – and guess which ||||||||||||take a guess| 彼女の研究は、国の人口の肯定的な特徴に焦点を当てました–そしてどれを推測します

country she found to be one of the happiest? Страна, которую она считает одной из самых счастливых?

New Zealand?

Actually no.

It was Japan.

Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour programme.

What concept – or belief – is it that promotes happiness?

Millennials and perhaps older people are better at remembering wabi-sabi – this traditional Millennials||||||||recalling|wabi-sabi||| ミレニアル世代やおそらく年配の人々は、わびさびを覚えるのが得意です–この伝統的な Міленіали та, можливо, люди похилого віку краще запам’ятовують вабі-сабі – цю традицію

Japanese concept around celebrating imperfection, which I think is something so helpful these |||||||||||helpful| ||||不完全の美 (ふかんぜんのび)|||||||| 不完全さを祝うことに関する日本の概念、これは私がこれらにとても役立つものだと思います Японская концепция празднования несовершенства, которая, на мой взгляд, так полезна в наши дни.

days, especially for women – it's this idea that there is a beauty in ageing, it's to |||||||||||||aging|| |||||||||||||老化||

be celebrated rather than trying to disguise it, or trying to cover up the scars instead ||||||conceal||||||||scars| ||||||隠す||||||||傷跡|

you gild them with kintsugi – if you break a pot instead of chucking it away, you mend |repair|||golden repair|||break|||||throwing away||||repair |金継ぎする|||||||||||捨てる|||| あなたは金継ぎでそれらを金継ぎします-あなたがそれをチャックする代わりにポットを壊すならば、あなたは修理します ви золотите їх кінцугі – якщо ви розбиєте горщик замість того, щоб викинути його, ви поправитесь

it with gold lacquer so the scars, rather than being hidden, are highlighted in pure |||finish|||scars||||concealed||emphasized in gold|| |||金漆|||||||||||

gold…

We all have laughter lines and rather than being ashamed of them, they're something to |||celebrate and embrace||||||be proud of||||| |||笑いじわ||||||||||| 私たちは皆、笑い声を持っています、そしてそれらを恥じるのではなく、それらは何かです

be celebrated.

So in Japan, there is a belief that people should celebrate imperfection.

Imperfection is a fault or weakness. |||imperfection||flaw

So rather than hiding something that's not perfect, we should celebrate it. |||concealing|||||||| ||||||||||祝う|

Getting old, for example, is not something to be ashamed of – don't hide your wrinkles ||||||||||||conceal||wrinkles

or laughter lines – these are the creases you get as you skin ages or even you get from |laughter|||||creases||||||||||| ||||||しわ|||||||||||

smiling too much! grinning||

Rather than spending time being ashamed of our faults, we should accept what and who |||||ashamed|||||||||

we are.

This concept is something that Helen feels is particularly being celebrated by Millennials This concept is something that Helen feels is particularly being celebrated by Millennials このコンセプトは、ヘレンが特にミレニアル世代に祝福されていると感じているものです。

and older people.

Yes, and Helen compared this with the process of kintsugi – where the cracks or scars |||||||||golden repair|||cracks||

on broken pottery are highlighted with gold lacquer. ||ceramics|||||

This is called gilding. |||gilding

So we should highlight our imperfections.

This concept is something that maybe English people should embrace more because according |||||||||accept or adopt|||

to Helen Russell's research, they are not a very happy population. ||Russell's||||||||

Here she is speaking on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme again – what word does she

use to describe people like me and you?

In England what we have is 'jolly', which many of us now associate with this kind of ||||||cheerful|||||||||| ||||||陽気な||||||||||

'jolly hockey sticks' or maybe an upper-class thing but actually it's something that really ||jolly hockey sticks||||upper-class|||||||| |ホッケー||||||||||||| 「陽気なホッケースティック」は、多分上流階級のものかもしれませんが、実際には、私たちがそんなに考えることのないものです。

plays through a lot of British culture in a way that we may not think of so much. |across|||||||||||||||| だから、私たちのコメディの多くや、生活へのアプローチの多くには、実際にはかなり影響を与えるものがある。

So there's this sense that in a lot of our comedy, in a lot of our approach to life you だから、私たちの多くのコメディや生活におけるアプローチには、

just sort of… you get out there, you go for a dog walk, you have a boiled egg and |||||||||||||||||ゆで卵| ちょっとした感じで...外に出て、犬の散歩に行って、ゆで卵を食べるんだ。

soldiers ['soldiers' in this case are small slices of toast that you can dip into your |||||||slices||||||dip|| |||||||||トーストスティック||||ディップ用トースト|| 兵士たち[この場合の兵士は、卵に浸して食べる小さなトーストのスライスです。

egg and eat], and we do sort of get on with things – it's a coping mechanism, it's not ||||||||get on||||||survival strategy||| 等を進めます-それは対処メカニズムです、それは

perfect but it's worked for many Brits for a while. ||||||British people||| ||||||イギリス人||| 完璧だが、かなりの数のイギリス人にしばらく役立っています。

In the past we would use the phrase 'jolly hockey sticks' – a humorous phrase used ||||||||cheerful|||||| 以前は、 'jolly hockey sticks' というフレーズを使っていた-ユーモアを交えて使用されるフレーズで、上流階級の女子校生のうるさい熱中を表現します。

to describe upper-class school girls' annoying enthusiasm. |||||||うざい熱意 過去には、 'jolly hockey sticks' というフレーズを使っていました- ユーモアを交えて使用されるフレーズで、上層階級の女子学生の迷惑な熱意を表すために

But Helen now thinks 'jolly' describes an attitude that is used as a coping mechanism |||||||||||||coping strategy| しかし、ヘレンは今、'陽気'は対処方法として使われる態度を表すと考えています。 Але Хелен тепер вважає, що слово «веселий» описує ставлення, яке використовується як механізм подолання

– that's something someone does to deal with a difficult situation. – それは困難な状況に対処するために誰かが行うことです。 - это то, что человек делает, чтобы справиться с трудной ситуацией. – to je niečo, čo niekto robí, aby sa vyrovnal s ťažkou situáciou.

We smile, do everyday things – like walking the dog – and just get on with life. 私たちは微笑み、日常のことをして（犬の散歩などをして）、ただ生活を続けます。 Usmievame sa, robíme každodenné veci – ako je prechádzka so psom – a jednoducho pokračujeme v živote.

I guess she means carry on without complaining. |||||||complaining Myslím, že chce pokračovať bez sťažovania.

Well, here's something to make you happy, Rob – the answer to the question I asked

you earlier, which was: according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the

happiest country on Earth?

Is it… a) Norway

b) Japan, or c) New Zealand?

And I said c) New Zealand.

The answer is a) Norway.

The report has been published for the past five years, during which the Nordic countries Správa bola zverejnená za posledných päť rokov, počas ktorých boli severské krajiny

have consistently dominated the top spots. |||||positions

OK, now it's time to remind ourselves of some of the vocabulary we've mentioned today.

We mentioned the phrase down in the dumps – which is an informal way of describing Spomenuli sme frázu dole na skládkach – čo je neformálny spôsob popisu

the feeling of unhappiness, sometimes with no hope.

The next word was imperfection, which is a fault or weakness.

You won't find any imperfections in this programme, Rob! V tomto programe nenájdeš žiadne nedostatky, Rob!

Glad to hear it. Rád, že to počujem.

Maybe we should gild this script – to gild something is to cover it in a thin layer of |||gold leaf|||||||||||||gold leaf|

gold.

We also heard about the word jolly which means 'cheerful and happy'. |||||||||happy|| Počuli sme aj o slove veselý, čo znamená „veselý a šťastný“.

And being jolly can be used as a coping mechanism - that's something someone does to deal with ||||||||mechanism for dealing|||||||| А веселье может быть использовано как механизм преодоления - это то, что человек делает, чтобы справиться с A byť veselý môže byť použitý ako mechanizmus zvládania – to je niečo, s čím sa niekto musí vysporiadať

a difficult situation.