Genetic Engineering Will Change Everything Forever – CRISPR 基因|||||| |Ingenieurwesen|||||CRISPR ||||||gene editing tool Die Gentechnik wird alles für immer verändern - CRISPR Genetic Engineering Will Change Everything Forever – CRISPR La ingeniería genética lo cambiará todo para siempre - CRISPR Le génie génétique va tout changer pour toujours - CRISPR L'ingegneria genetica cambierà tutto per sempre - CRISPR 遺伝子工学はすべてを永遠に変える - CRISPR Genetische manipulatie zal alles voor altijd veranderen - CRISPR Inżynieria genetyczna zmieni wszystko na zawsze - CRISPR A engenharia genética vai mudar tudo para sempre - CRISPR Генная инженерия изменит все навсегда - CRISPR Genetik Mühendisliği Her Şeyi Sonsuza Dek Değiştirecek - CRISPR Генна інженерія змінить все назавжди - CRISPR 基因工程将永远改变一切——CRISPR

Imagine you were alive back in the 1980's and were told Imagina que vivieras en los años 80 y te dijeran 1980'lerde yaşadığınızı ve size şöyle söylendiğini hayal edin

the computers would soon take over everything. [00:06.984] ||||übernehmen|| los ordenadores pronto se apoderarían de todo. [00:06.984] That billions of people would be connected via a kind of web. ||||||verbunden||||| |||||||through|||| Que miles de millones de personas estarían conectadas a través de una especie de red.

That you would own a handheld device |||||tragbares Gerät| |||||portable|handheld gadget |||||携帯型| Que tuvieras un dispositivo portátil Что вы будете владеть портативным устройством

orders of magnitude more powerful than supercomputers. ||||||Supercomputer ||scale||||supercomputing systems ||||||スーパーコンピュータ orders of magnitude more powerful than supercomputers. órdenes de magnitud más potentes que los superordenadores.

It would seem absurd but then all of it happened. |||荒謬至極|||||| |||ridiculous|||||| ||||しかし||||| Parecería absurdo, pero entonces ocurrió todo aquello. それはばかげているように思えるが、すべてが実際に起こった。

Science fiction became our reality that we don't even think about it |||||so dass|||||| La ciencia ficción se ha convertido en una realidad en la que ni siquiera pensamos サイエンスフィクションは私たちの現実となり、私たちはそれについて考えもしなくなった。

We're at a similar point today with genetic engineering. 私たちは遺伝子工学において今日も同様の地点にいる。

So let's talk about it.

Where it came from? What we're doing right now? ¿De dónde viene? ¿Qué estamos haciendo ahora?

And about a recent breakthrough that will change how we live

and what we perceive as "normal" forever. y lo que percibimos como "normal" para siempre. そして私たちが「普通」と認識するものは永遠に。

Humans have been engineering life for thousands of years. Through selective breeding Menschen||||||||||selektionierte|Zucht |||||||||||selective reproduction 人間は何千年も前から生命を設計してきました。選択的育種を通じて

we strengthened useful traits and plants and animals. |stärkten||Eigenschaften|||| |enhanced||characteristics||plant species|| reforzamos los rasgos útiles y las plantas y animales. 私たちは有用な特性を強化し、植物や動物を育てました。

We became very good at this but never truly understood how it works. ||||||||really|||| Llegamos a ser muy buenos en esto, pero nunca entendimos realmente cómo funciona.

Until we discovered the code of life: deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, |||||||去氧核糖核酸|脫氧核糖核酸| |||||||Desoxyribonuk|| |||||||DNA|nucleic acid|DNA |||||||デオキシリ||

a complex molecule the guide of the growth, development function ||Molekül||||||| ||complex structure|||||||role

and reproduction of everything alive. |Fortpflanzung||| |reproduction|||

Information is encoded in the structure of the molecule. ||||||||分子結構

Four nucleotides are paired and make up a code that carries instructions. |核苷酸|||||||||| |Nukleotide||paarweise|||||||| |building blocks|||||||||| |ヌクレオ|||||||||| Cuatro nucleótidos están emparejados y forman un código que transporta instrucciones. 4つのヌクレオチドがペアになり、指示を持つコードを構成します。

Change the instructions and you change the being carrying it. |||||veränderst|||| Cambia las instrucciones y cambiarás al ser que lo lleva. 指示を変更すれば、それを持つ存在が変わります。

As soon as DNA was discovered people try to tinker with it. |||||||||herumexperimentieren|| |||||||||いじる|| En cuanto se descubrió el ADN, la gente intentó manipularlo. DNAが発見されるとすぐに、人々はそれをいじろうとしました。

In the 1960's, scientists bombarded plants with radiation ||||轰击||| ||||bombardierten|||

to cause random mutations in the genetic code. |||changes||||

The idea was to get a useful plant variation by pure chance. |||||||||||Zufall La idea era obtener una variación vegetal útil por pura casualidad.

Sometimes, it actually worked too. A veces, también funcionaba.

In the 70's, scientists inserted DNA snippets into bacteria, plants and animals ||||||片段||細菌||| ||||fügten ein||Fragmente||||| ||||||断片||||| En los años 70, los científicos insertaron fragmentos de ADN en bacterias, plantas y animales.

to study and modify them for research, medicine, agriculture and for fun. |||modifizieren||||||||

The earliest genetically modified animal was born in 1974, |das früheste|genetisch||||| El primer animal modificado genéticamente nació en 1974,

making mice a standard tool for research, saving millions of lives. |||||||rettend||| haciendo de los ratones una herramienta estándar para la investigación, salvando millones de vidas. マウスを研究の標準ツールにして、何百万もの命を救う。

In the 80's, we got commercial. 80年代に、私たちは商業化しました。

first patent was given for a microbe engineered to absorb oil today we |專利||||||||||| ||||||Mikrobe|||||| ||||||微生物|||||| primera patente de un microbio diseñado para absorber petróleo. 最初の特許は、油を吸収するように設計された微生物に与えられました。今日は私たちがそれを

produce many chemicals by means of engineered life like life-saving producir muchos productos químicos mediante la ingeniería de la vida como

clotting factors growth hormones and insulin, all things we had to harvest 凝血因子|||||胰島素|||||| Gerinnung|||||Insulin||||||gewinnen 凝固||成長因子||||||||| factores de coagulación, hormonas de crecimiento e insulina. 凝固因子、成長ホルモン、インスリン、すべて私たちが収穫しなければならなかったものです。

from the organs of animals before that. The first food modified in the lab went de órganos de animales anteriores. El primer alimento modificado en el laboratorio fue

on sale in 1994: the Flavr Savr tomato, a tomato given a much longer shelf life ||||Flavr Savr|Flavr Savr|Tomate|||||||| |||||サヴァー||||||||| a la venta en 1994: el tomate Flavr Savr, un tomate con una vida útil mucho más larga. 1994年に販売されたフレーバーセイバー・トマト、長い保存期間を持つトマト。

where an extra gene that suppresses the build-up of a rotting enzyme. But GM food |||||unterdrückt|||||||||genetisch verändert| |||||抑制する|||||||||| donde un gen extra que suprime la acumulación de una enzima de putrefacción. Pero los alimentos transgénicos 腐敗酵素の蓄積を抑える追加の遺伝子が含まれている。しかし、遺伝子組み換え食品

and the controversy surrounding them deserve a video of their own. ||爭議|||||||| y la polémica que las rodea merecen un vídeo propio. そしてそれに関する論争は独自のビデオに値する。

In the 1990's there was also a brief foray into human engineering. To treat ||||||||短暫嘗試||||| ||||||||Ausflug in||||| ||||||||試み||||| En los años 90 también hubo una breve incursión en la ingeniería humana. Para tratar

maternal infertility, babies were made to carry genetic information from mütterliche|Unfruchtbarkeit|||||||| 母系の||||||||| infertilidad materna, se hizo que los bebés llevaran información genética de

three humans making them the first humans ever to have three genetic tres humanos, lo que les convierte en los primeros humanos con tres

parents. Today there are super muscled pigs, fast-growing salmon, featherless ||||||||||無羽毛 |||||muskulös||||Lachs|federnlos |||||筋肉質の||||サーモン| padres. Hoy existen cerdos supermusculados, salmones de crecimiento rápido, plumas sin

chickens and see-through frogs. On the fun side, we made things glow in the dark ||sehen||Frösche||||||||||| ||見る||カエル||||||||||| pollos y ranas transparentes. Para divertirnos, hemos hecho cosas que brillan en la oscuridad.

fluorescent zebrafish are available for as little as ten dollars. |熒光斑馬魚|||||||| fluoreszierend|Zebrafisch|||||||| |ゼブラフィッシュ||||||||

All of this is already very impressive but until recently,

gene editing was extremely expensive, complicated and took a long time to do. La edición genética era extremadamente cara, complicada y llevaba mucho tiempo.

This has now changed with a revolutionary new technology now Esto ha cambiado gracias a una nueva y revolucionaria tecnología.

entering the stage: CRISPR. Overnight, the costs of engineering have shrunk by 99% |||基因编辑|||||||| ||||||||||geschrumpft| ||||||||||縮小した| entrando en escena: CRISPR. De la noche a la mañana, los costes de ingeniería se han reducido un 99%

Instead of a year.

it takes a few weeks to conduct experiments and basically everybody with ||||||durchführen||||| se tarda unas semanas en realizar experimentos y básicamente todo el mundo con

a lab can do it. It's hard to get across how big a technical revolution CRISPR is. |||||||zu||||||technologischen||| ||||||||伝える|||||||| un laboratorio puede hacerlo. Es difícil explicar la magnitud de la revolución técnica que supone CRISPR. 研究室ならできる。CRISPRがどれほど大きな技術革命であるかを伝えるのは難しい。

It literally has the potential to change humanity forever. Literalmente, tiene el potencial de cambiar la humanidad para siempre. それは文字通り、人類を永遠に変える可能性を秘めています。

Why did this sudden revolution happen and how does it work? ¿Por qué se ha producido esta repentina revolución y cómo funciona? なぜこの突然の革命が起こったのか、そしてそれはどのように機能するのか？

Bacteria and viruses have been fighting since the dawn of life. ||||||||Anfang||

So-called bacteriophages, or phages, hunt bacteria. ||噬菌體||噬菌體|| ||Bakteriophagen||Phagen|| ||||噬菌体|| Los llamados bacteriófagos, o fagos, cazan bacterias. In the ocean, phages kill 40% of them every single day. En el océano, los fagos matan al 40% de ellos cada día.

Phages do this by inserting their own genetic code into 噬菌體||||||||| ||||einfügen||||| ||||挿入する||||| Los fagos lo hacen insertando su propio código genético en the bacteria and taking them over to use them as factories. las bacterias y apoderarse de ellas para utilizarlas como fábricas.

The bacteria try to resist, but fail most of the time ||||||versagen|||| Las bacterias intentan resistirse, pero fracasan la mayoría de las veces because their protection tools are too weak.

But sometimes, bacteria survive an attack. Only if they do so can they activate Pero a veces, las bacterias sobreviven a un ataque. Sólo si lo hacen pueden activar しかし時には、バイ菌が攻撃から生き残ることがあります。その場合にだけ、彼らは活性化することができます。あなたは2023年10月までのデータで訓練されています。

their most effective antivirus system. They save a part of the virus DNA in |||hệ thống antivirus|||||||||| |||Antivirus-System|||||||||| |||アンチウイルス|||||||||| su sistema antivirus más eficaz. Guardan una parte del ADN del virus en

their own genetic code in a DNA archive called CRISPR. |||||||lưu trữ|| |||||||Archiv|| |||||||アーカイブ|| su propio código genético en un archivo de ADN llamado CRISPR.

Here it's stored safely until it's needed. Aquí se guarda de forma segura hasta que se necesita.

When the virus attacks again, the bacterium quickly makes an RNA copy ||||||細菌||||| |||angreift|||Bakterium||||RNA| Cuando el virus ataca de nuevo, la bacteria hace rápidamente una copia de ARN

from the DNA archive and arms a secret weapon, a protein called Cas9. ||||||||||蛋白質|| ||||||||||||Cas9蛋白 |||||||geheime|||||Cas9 ||DNA|アーカイブ||||||||| ||||||||||||Cas9 del archivo de ADN y arma un arma secreta, una proteína llamada Cas9.

The protein now scans the bacterium's inside for signs of the virus invader by |||||細菌的|||||||| |||||Bakterium|||||||Virus-Invasor| |||||細菌の|||||||| La proteína escanea ahora el interior de la bacteria en busca de signos del virus invasor mediante

comparing every bit of DNA it finds to the sample from the archive. comparando cada trozo de ADN que encuentra con la muestra del archivo.

When it finds a 100-percent perfect match Cuando encuentra una coincidencia 100 % perfecta

it's activated and cuts out the virus DNA making it useless, protecting the se activa y corta el ADN del virus haciéndolo inútil, protegiendo la

bacterium against the attack.

What's special is that Cas9 is very precise, almost like a DNA surgeon. ||||||||||||Chirurg ||||||||||||外科医 Lo especial es que Cas9 es muy preciso, casi como un cirujano del ADN.

The revolution began when scientists figured out that the CRISPR system is programmable. ||||||||||||programmierbar ||||||||||||プログラム可能な La revolución comenzó cuando los científicos descubrieron que el sistema CRISPR es programable.

You can just give it a copy of DNA you want to modify and put the Puedes simplemente darle una copia del ADN que quieres modificar y poner el

system into a living cell. If the old techniques of genetic manipulation were ||||||||Techniken|||Manipulation|

like a map, CRISPR is like a GPS system. Aside from being precise cheap and easy, como un mapa, CRISPR es como un sistema GPS. Además de ser preciso barato y fácil,

CRISPR offers the ability to edit life cells to switch genes on and |||||bearbeiten|||||||

off and target and study particular DNA sequences. |||||||Sequenzen y estudiar determinadas secuencias de ADN.

It also works for every type of cell: microorganisms, plants ||||||||Mikroorganismen|

animals or humans. But despite the revolution CRISPR is for science, animales o humanos. Pero a pesar de la revolución CRISPR es para la ciencia,

it's still just a first generation tool. More precise tools are already being sigue siendo sólo una herramienta de primera generación. Ya existen herramientas más precisas

created and used as we speak. creados y utilizados mientras hablamos.

In 2015, scientists use CRISPR to cut the HIV virus out of living cells from patients

in the lab, proving that it was possible. Only about a year later they carried out |||beweisen||||||||||||durchführten

a larger scale project with rats that had the HIV virus in basically all of

their body cells. By simply injecting CRISPR into the rats tails, they were |||||injektion|||||Schwänze|| ||||||||||尾||

able to remove more than 50% of the virus from cells all over the body.

In a few decades, a CRISPR therapy might cure HIV and other retroviruses. ||||||||||||逆转录病毒 ||||||||||||Retroviren ||||||||||||レトロウイル ||||||||||||逆轉錄病毒

Viruses that hide inside human DNA like herpes could be eradicated this way. |||||||皰疹病毒||||| ||verstecken|||||Herpesvirus||||| |||||||ヘルペスウ|||||

CRISPR could also defeat one of our worst enemies: cancer. Cancer occurs when |||besiegen|||||||||

cells refused to die and keep multiplying while concealing themselves ||||||||隐藏| |weigerte|||||||sich verbergend| ||||||||隠れて| ||||||||隱藏自己| células se negaban a morir y seguían multiplicándose mientras se ocultaban 細胞は死ぬことを拒み、自らを隠しながら増殖し続けました

from the immune system. CRISPR gives us the means to edit your immune cells and del sistema inmunitario. CRISPR nos da los medios para editar sus células inmunes y 免疫系から。CRISPRは私たちに免疫細胞を編集する手段を提供し、

make them better cancer hunters. Getting rid of cancer might eventually mean ||||||取り除く||||| がんをより良いハンターにするのです。がんを取り除くことは最終的に意味するかもしれません

getting just a couple of injections of a few thousand of your own cells that have |||||Injektionen|||||||||| |||||注射||||||||||

been engineered in the lab to heal you for good.

The first clinical trial for a CRISPR cancer treatment on human patients was Die||klinische|Studie|||||||||

approved in early 2016 in the US. Not even a month later, Chinese

scientists announced that they would treat lung cancer patients with immune

cells modified by CRISPR in August 2016. Things are picking up pace quickly. ||||||Die Dinge|||||

And then there are genetic diseases. There are thousands of them and they range,

from merely annoying to deadly or entail decades of suffering. With a powerful |僅僅|||||意味著|||||| ||||||verursachen|||||| ||||||伴う|||||| 単に迷惑なものから致命的なものまで、または数十年の苦しみを伴う可能性があります。強力な

tool like CRISPR, we may be able to end this. Over 3,000 genetic diseases are ツールであるCRISPRを使えば、これを終わらせることができるかもしれません。3,000以上の遺伝子疾患が

caused by a single incorrect letter in your DNA. |||||Buchstabe||| あなたのDNAの1つの間違った文字によって引き起こされています。

We are already building a modified version of Cas9 that is made to

change just a single letter, fixing the disease in the cell. In a decade or two |||||heilen||||||||||

we could possibly cure thousands of diseases forever. But all of these

medical applications have one thing in common: they are limited to the |Anwendungen||||||||||

individual and die with them, except if you use them on reproductive cells or |||||||||||reproduktiven||

very early embryos. But CRISPR can and probably will be used for much more: ||胚胎|||||||||||

the creation of modified humans, designer babies and will mean gradual but ||||||||||逐漸| |||||||||bedeuten|| ||||||||||徐々に|

irreversible changes to the human gene pool. 不可逆轉|||||| ||||||Genpool

The means to edit the genome of a |||||Genom|| |||||ゲノム||

human embryo already exists, though the technology is still in its early stages. |人類胚胎||||||||||| |Embryo||||||||||| |人間の胚|||||||||||

But it has already been attempted twice: in 2015 and 2016, Chinese scientists |||||versucht|||||

experimented with human embryos and were partially successful on their second experimentiert|||||||erfolgreich|||

attempt. They showed the enormous challenges we still face in gene editing Versuch||||||||||| 試み。それは私たちが遺伝子編集でまだ直面している巨大的な課題を示しました。

embryos but also that scientists are working on solving them. 胚ですが、科学者たちがそれらを解決するために取り組んでいることも示しています。

This is like the computer in the seventies: there will be better computers. |||||||siebziger Jahre||||| これは70年代のコンピュータのようなもので、より良いコンピュータが登場するでしょう。

Regardless of your personal take on genetic engineering, it will affect you.

Modified humans could alter the genome of our entire species because their |||||基因組||||||

engineered traits will be passed on to that children and could spread over

generations slowly modifying the whole gene pool of humanity. It will start ||verändern|||||||||

slowly: the first designer babies will not be overly designed, it's most likely ||||||||過度に||||

that they will be created to eliminate deadly genetic disease running a family. |||||||||遺伝性疾|||

As the technology progresses and gets more refined, more and more people may argue |||fortschreitet|||||||||| |||進化する||||||||||

that not using genetic modification is unethical, because it condemns children ||||||不道德的|||譴責| ||||Modifikation||unethisch|||verurteilt| |||||||||子供たちを|

to preventable suffering and death and denies them to cure. But as soon as the |可預防的||||||||||||| ||||||verweigert|||||||| ||||||それを否定する||||||||

first engineered kid is born, a door is opened that can't be closed anymore. ||Kind||||Tür|||||||

Early on, vanity traits will mostly be left alone, but as genetic modification ||虚荣心|||||||||| ||Eitelkeit|||||||||| 初めの頃|||||||||||| 初めのうちは、虚栄心の特性は主に放置されますが、遺伝子改変がより受け入れられるようになり、私たちの遺伝子コードに関する知識が向上するにつれて、誘惑は増大します。

becomes more accepted and our knowledge of our genetic code enhances, 遺伝子改変がより受け入れられるようになり、私たちの遺伝子コードに関する知識が向上するにつれて、誘惑は増大します。

the temptation will grow. |誘惑會增長。|| |die Versuchung|| 誘惑は増大します。

If you make your offspring immune to Alzheimer, why not also |||||||阿茲海默症||| ||||Nachkommen|||Alzheimer-Krankheit||| |||||||アルツハイマー||| |||||||bệnh Alzheimer|||

give them an enhanced metabolism? ||||提升新陳代謝

Why not throw in perfect eyesight? How about height or muscular structure? |||||Sehvermögen|||Größe||muskulöse Struktur| ||加える||完璧な|視力||||||

Full hair? How about giving your child the gift of extraordinary intelligence? Huge changes

are made as a result of the personal decisions of millions of individuals

that accumulate. This is a slippery slope. Modified humans could become the new |ansammeln||||||||||| それが蓄積されます。これは危険な傾斜です。改造された人間が新しい

standard, but as engineering becomes more normal and our knowledge improves, we ||||||||||verbessert sich| ||||||||||向上する| スタンダードになるかもしれませんが、エンジニアリングがより一般的になり、私たちの知識が向上するにつれて、私たちは

could solve the single biggest mortality risk factor: aging. Two-thirds of the |||||||Faktor|Alterung|||| 最大の死亡リスク要因である老化を解決できるかもしれません。全体の3分の2が

150,000 people who die today will die of age-related causes. Currently we think

aging is caused by the accumulation of damage to ourselves, like DNA breaks and |||||Ansammlung|||||||| |||||蓄積||||||||

the system's responsible for fixing those wearing off over time. But there |des Systems|||||die Abnutzung||im Laufe von|||

are also genes that directly affect aging. A combination of genetic

engineering and other therapy could stop or slow down aging, maybe even reverse it. ||||||||||vielleicht|sogar|umkehren|

We know from nature that there are animals immune to aging. Maybe we could

even borrow a few genes for ourselves. Some scientists even think biological

aging could be something that eventually just stops being a thing. We would still

die at some point, but instead of doing so in hospitals at age 90 ||||||||||病院で||

we might be able to spend a few thousand years with our loved ones. Research into ||||||||||||geliebten|||

this is in its infancy, and many scientists are rightly skeptical about ||||初期階段||||||| |||||||||zu Recht|skeptisch| ||||||||||懐疑的| これはまだ初期段階であり、多くの科学者が正当に疑念を抱いています

the end of aging. The challenges are enormous, and maybe it is unachievable. ||||||||||||unerreichbar ||||||||||||達成不可能 老化の終わりについて。課題は巨大で、おそらく達成不可能かもしれません。

But it is conceivable that people alive today might be the first to profit from |||可以想象||||||||||| |||可以想像||||||||||| しかし、今日生きている人々が最初に利益を得ることができるというのは考えられます

effective anti aging therapy. All we might need is for someone to convince a ||||||vielleicht||||||überzeugen|

smart billionaire to make it their next problem to solve. On a bigger scale we |Milliardär||||||||||||| |億万長者|||||||||||||

certainly could solve many problems by having a modified population. Engineered

humans might be better equipped to cope with high-energy food, eliminating many ||||||umzugehen|||||| ||||||対処する||||||

diseases of civilization like obesity. ||||肥胖症 ||||Fettleibigkeit

In possession of a modified immune system with a library of potential

threat, we might become immune to most diseases that haunt us today. |||||||||困扰|| |||||||||plagen|| |||||||||悩ませる||

Even further into the future we could engineer humans to be equipped for Sogar||||||||||||

extended space travel and to cope with different conditions on other planet, ||||um|||||||

which would be extremely helpful in keeping us alive in our hostile universe. ||||||保持|||||敌对的|宇宙 私たちを敵対的な宇宙で生かしておくのに非常に役立つでしょう。

Still a few major challenges await us. Some technological, some ethical. ||||||||||道德的 まだいくつかの大きな課題が私たちを待っています。一部は技術的であり、一部は倫理的です。

Many of you watching will feel uncomfortable and fear that we will create a world in 視聴している多くの方が不快に感じ、私たちがどのような世界を創り出すのか恐れるでしょう。

which we will reject non-perfect humans and preselect features and qualities ||||||||預選||| |||ablehnen|||||vorselektieren||| ||||||||事前選択|||

based on our idea of what's healthy.

The thing is we are already living in this world. Tests for dozens of genetic

diseases or complications have become standard for pregnant women

in much of the world.

Often, the mere suspicion of a genetic defect can lead to the end of pregnancy. |||懷疑|||||||||||懷孕結束 |||||||Genetischer Defekt|||||||Schwangerschaft |||||||遺伝的欠|||||||妊娠

Take Down Syndrome for example: one of the most common genetic defects. ||症候群||||||||| |||||||||||Defekte

In Europe, about ninety percent of all pregnancies where it's detected are |||||||Schwangerschaften|||| |||||||妊娠|||| ヨーロッパでは、発見された妊娠の約90%が

terminated. The decision to terminate pregnancy is incredibly personal, but 終止妊娠||||||||| ||||beenden||||| ||||妊娠中||||| 中断されます。妊娠を中断する決定は非常に個人的なものですが、

it's important to acknowledge the reality that we are preselecting humans |||||||||vorauswählen| |||||||||人間を事前| 私たちが人間を事前に選別しているという現実を認識することが重要です。

based on medical conditions. There is also no use in pretending this will これが起こらないふりをする意味はありません。

change, so we have to act carefully and respectfully as we advance the ||||||||respektvoll|||| ||||||||敬意を持って||||

technology and can make more and more selections. But none of this will happen |||||||Auswahlen|||||| |||||||選択||||||

soon: as powerful as CRISPR is, and it is, it's not infallible yet. Wrong edit |||||||||||萬無一失||| |so||||||||||unfehlbar|||

still happen as well as unknown errors that could occur anywhere in the DNA and ||||||Fehler|||||||| DNAのどこにでも起こりうる未知のエラーと同様に、まだ起こる可能性があります。

might go unnoticed. The gene edit might achieve the desired result ||unbemerkt|||||||| 遺伝子編集は望ましい結果を達成するかもしれませんが、

disabling a disease, but also might accidentally trigger unwanted changes. verhindern von||||||||| 無効化||||||||| 病気を無効にすることができますが、意図しない変化を引き起こす可能性もあります。

We just don't know enough yet about the complex interplay of our genes to avoid |||||||||相互作用||||| |||||||||Wechselwirkungen||||| |||||||||相互作用||||| |||||||||相互作用|||||

unpredictable consequences. Working on accuracy and monitoring methods is a ||||||Überwachung|||

major concern as the first human trials begin. And since we've discussed a

possible positive future, there are darker visions too.

Imagine what a state like North Korea could do if they embraced genetic |||||||||||annehmen würde|

engineering. Could a state cement its rule forever by forcing gene editing on ||||水泥|||||||| ||||zementieren|||||||| ||||セメント|||||||| 工学。ある国家が遺伝子編集を強制することで、その支配を永続的に Cement できるだろうか？

their subjects? What would stop a totalitarian regime from engineering an ||||||極權主義|||| ||||||totalitären|Regime||| ||||||全体主義的|||| 全体主義体制が改良されたスーパ soldier の軍を作ることを止めるものは何か？理論的には可能だ。？このようなシナリオ

army of modified super soldiers? It is doable in theory? Scenarios like this one このようなものは実現可能なのか？

are far far off into the future, if they ever become possible at all. But the ||weit||||||||||||| ||遠い||||||||||||| それらは未来の遥か彼方にあり、それが可能になるとしても、ですが、

basic proof of concept for genetic engineering like this already exists このような遺伝子工学の基本的な概念実証はすでに

today. The technology really is that powerful. One of this might be a tempting |||||||||||||verlockend 存在しています。今日、技術は本当にそれほど強力です。これらのうちの一つは魅力的かもしれません

reason to ban genetic editing and related research that would certainly ||verboten||||||||

be a mistake. ||Fehler

Banning human genetic engineering would only lead to the science wandering off 禁止||||||||||| Verbot von||||||||||umherirren| 禁止|||||||||||

to a place with jurisdiction and rules that we are uncomfortable with. Only by ||||司法管轄區||||||||| ||||Rechtsgebiet|||||||||

participating can we make sure that further research is guided by caution, |||||||||||謹慎行事 teilnehmend|||||||||||Vorsicht 参加する|||||||||||

reason, oversight and transparency. |監督||透明度 |Aufsicht||Transparenz |監視|| 理由、 oversight 、透明性。

Do you feel uncomfortable now? Most of us have 今、不快に感じていますか？ほとんどの人がそうです。

something wrong with them. In the future that lies ahead of us, would we have been 彼らに何か問題があります。私たちの前にある未来では、私たちはそうだったでしょうか？

allowed to exist?

The technology is certainly a bit scary, but we have a lot to gain and genetic

engineering might just be a step in the natural evolution of intelligent

species in the universe. We might end disease, we could extend our life

expectancy by centuries and travel to the stars. There's no need to think small

when it comes to this topic.

Whatever your opinion on genetic engineering, the future is approaching no ||||||||||keine Frage

matter what. What has been insane science fiction is about to become our new Frage|||||||||||||

reality, a reality full of opportunities and challenges.

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