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BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Learn to talk about the limitations of technology in 6 minutes! - YouTube

Learn to talk about the limitations of technology in 6 minutes! - YouTube

Catherine: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute

English. I'm Catherine.

Rob: And hello, I'm Rob.

Catherine: Today we have another

technology topic.

Rob: Oh good! I love technology. It makes

things easier, it's fast and means I can

have gadgets.

Catherine: Do you think that technology

can actually do things better than humans?

Rob: For some things, yes. I think cars

that drive themselves will be safer than

humans but that will take away some of

the pleasure of driving. So I guess it

depends on what you mean by better.

Catherine: Good point, Rob. And that

actually ties in very closely with today's

topic which is technochauvinism.

Rob: What's that?

Catherine: We'll find out shortly, Rob, but

before we do, today's quiz question.

Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., is an area of

computer science that develops the

ability of computers to learn to do things

like solve problems or drive cars without

crashing. But in what decade was the

term 'Artificial Intelligence'

coined? Was it: a) the 1940s, b) the 1950s

or c) the 1960s?

Rob: I think it's quite a new expression so

I'll go for c) the 1960s.

Catherine: Good luck with that, Rob, and

we'll give you the answer later in the

programme. Now, let's get back to our

topic of technochauvinism.

Rob: I know what a chauvinist is. It's

someone who thinks that their country or

race or sex is better than others. But how

does this relate to technology?

Catherine: We're about to find out.

Meredith Broussard is Professor of

Journalism at New York University and

she's written a book called

Artificial Unintelligence. She appeared on

the BBC Radio 4 programme More or Less

to talk about it. Listen carefully and find

out her definition of technochauvinism.

Meredith Broussard: Technochauvinism is

the idea that technology is always the

highest and best solution. So somehow

over the past couple of decades we got

into the habit of

thinking that doing something with a

computer is always the best and most

objective way to do something and

that's simply not true.

Computers are not objective, they are

proxies for the people who make them.

Catherine: What is Meredith Broussard's

definition of technochauvinism?

Rob: It's this idea that using technology

is better than not using technology.

Catherine: She says that we have this idea

that a computer is objective. Something

that is objective is neutral, it doesn't have

an opinion, it's fair and it's unbiased - so

it's the opposite of being a chauvinist. But

Meredith Broussard says this is not true.

Rob: She argues that computers are not

objective. They are proxies for the people

that make them. You might know the

word proxy when you are using your

computer in one country and want to look

at something that is only available

in a different country. You can use a piece

of software called a proxy to do that.

Catherine: But a proxy is also a person or

a thing that carries out your wishes and

your instructions for you.

So computers are only as smart or as

objective as the people that

programme them. Computers are proxies

for their programmers. Broussard says

that believing too much in Artificial

Intelligence can make the world worse.

Let's hear a bit more. This time find out

what serious problems in society

does she think may be reflected in AI?

Meredith Broussard: It's a nuanced

problem. What we have is data on the

world as it is and we have serious

problems with racism, sexism, classism, ageism, in the world right now so there is

no such thing as perfect data. We also

have a problem inside the tech world

where the creators of algorithms do not

have sufficient awareness of social

issues such that they can make good

technology that gets us closer to a world

as it should be.

Rob: She said that society has problems

with racism, sexism, classism and ageism.

Catherine: And she says it's a nuanced

problem. A nuanced problem is not

simple, but it does have small and

important areas which may be

hard to spot, but they need to be considered.

Rob: And she also talked about

algorithms used to program these

technological systems.

An algorithm is a set of instructions that

computers use to perform their tasks.

Essentially it's the rules that they use

to come up with their answers and

Broussard believes that technology will

reflect the views of those who create the algorithms.

Catherine: Next time you're using a piece

of software or your favourite app, you

might find yourself wondering if it's a

useful tool or does it contain these little

nuances that

reflect the views of the developer.

Rob: Right, Catherine. How about the

answer to this week's question then?

Catherine: I asked in which decade was

the term 'Artificial Intelligence' coined.

Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?

Rob: And I said the 60s.

Catherine: But it was actually the 1950s.

Never mind, Rob. Let's review today's vocabulary.

Rob: Well, we had a chauvinist - that's

someone who believes their country, race

or sex is better than any others.

Catherine: And this gives us

technochauvinism,

the belief that a technological solution is

always a better solution to a problem.

Rob: Next - someone or something that is

objective is neutral, fair and balanced.

Catherine: A proxy is a piece of software

but also someone who does something

for you, on your behalf.

A nuanced problem is a subtle

one, it's not a simple case of right or

wrong, in a nuanced problem there are

small but important things that you need

to consider.

Rob: And an algorithm is a set of software

instructions for a computer system.

Catherine: Well, that's all we have time for

today. Goodbye for now.

Rob: Bye bye!

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Catherine: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute |||||Хвилина Catherine|||||

English. I'm Catherine.

Rob: And hello, I'm Rob.

Catherine: Today we have another Catherine: Today we have another キャサリン今日はもうひとつ

technology topic.

Rob: Oh good! I love technology. It makes

things easier, it's fast and means I can |||quick||||

have gadgets. |devices |пристрої |têm gadgets |gadżety ガジェットがある。 가젯이 있습니다.

Catherine: Do you think that technology

can actually do things better than humans?

Rob: For some things, yes. I think cars

that drive themselves will be safer than ||sami||||

humans but that will take away some of ||||remove||| humans but that will take away some of 하지만 그렇게 되면 seres humanos, mas isso vai tirar alguns dos 但这会剥夺人类的一些乐趣

the pleasure of driving. So I guess it |Enjoyment|||||I assume it.| 开车的乐趣。所以我猜取决于

depends on what you mean by better. ||||mean|by| 의 의미에 따라 달라집니다. 你对“更好”是什么定义。

Catherine: Good point, Rob. And that ||||E|

actually ties in very closely with today's |connects with||||| |wiąże się|||ściśle|| |hoje se relaciona muito de perto com|||muito de perto|| 는 사실 오늘날의 na verdade, está intimamente ligado com o de hoje

topic which is technochauvinism. |||техношовинизм |||Technology superiority bias |||テクノショービニズム |||tecnossexismo |||technochauwinizm

Rob: What's that?

Catherine: We'll find out shortly, Rob, but ||||soon|| ||||em breve|| 캐서린 곧 알게 되겠지만, Rob. 凯瑟琳：很快我们就会知道，罗布，但愿。

before we do, today's quiz question.

Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., is an area of

computer science that develops the |||creates| |||que desenvolve|

ability of computers to learn to do things 컴퓨터가 일을 배우는 능력

like solve problems or drive cars without

crashing. But in what decade was the Collapsing||||ten-year period|| zderzający się||||||

term 'Artificial Intelligence' '인공 지능' 용어

coined? Was it: a) the 1940s, b) the 1950s First used|||||||| ukute|||||||| a) os anos 1940|||||||| 만들어졌나요? 가) 1940년대, 나) 1950년대? 创造这个词语是在：a) 1940年代，b) 1950年代

or c) the 1960s? 还是c) 1960年代？

Rob: I think it's quite a new expression so ||||bastante|||| 罗布: 我觉得这是一个相当新的表达方式，所以

I'll go for c) the 1960s.

Catherine: Good luck with that, Rob, and 캐서린 행운을 빌어요, Rob.

we'll give you the answer later in the

programme. Now, let's get back to our |||resume|||

topic of technochauvinism. ||Technology superiority bias ||tecnossexismo

Rob: I know what a chauvinist is. It's |||||szowinista|| |||||biased against women|| |||||ショーヴィニスト|| |||||chauvinista|| |||||шовініст||

someone who thinks that their country or 一个认为自己的国家或

race or sex is better than others. But how 种族或性别比其他种族或性别更好。但是为何？

does this relate to technology?

Catherine: We're about to find out. Catherine: To se brzy dozvíme. 캐서린 곧 알게 되겠죠.

Meredith Broussard is Professor of Meredith Broussard|No translation needed.||| Meredith|Meredith Broussard é professora de|||

Journalism at New York University and ||||纽约大学| журналістика||||| jornalismo na Universidade de Nova Iorque e|||||

she's written a book called |authored|||

Artificial Unintelligence. She appeared on |Artificial Stupidity||showed up| |Niejednoznaczność||| |Inteligência Artificial. Ela apareceu em||| 인공 지능. 그녀는 다음 방송에 출연했습니다. 人工非智能。她出现在

the BBC Radio 4 programme More or Less |||programa||| 英国广播公司无线4台节目《多或少》

to talk about it. Listen carefully and find 谈论这个话题。仔细倾听并找到

out her definition of technochauvinism. ||definition one|| ||||o seu conceito de tecnochauvinismo

Meredith Broussard: Technochauvinism is |Meredith Broussard: Tecnocaucinismo|tecnossexismo|

the idea that technology is always the

highest and best solution. So somehow Optimal|||最佳方案||In some way |||||jakoś

over the past couple of decades we got |||||||have received

into the habit of 의 습관으로

thinking that doing something with a

computer is always the best and most

objective way to do something and cel||||| мета||||| 무언가를 할 수 있는 객관적인 방법과 做某事的客观方法

that's simply not true. |plainly|| 这完全不是真的。

Computers are not objective, they are |||unbiased decision-makers|| |||objetivos|| 计算机并不客观，它们是

proxies for the people who make them. Representatives|||||| pełnomocnicy|||||| representantes|||||| проксі|||||| 만드는 사람들을 위한 프록시입니다.

Catherine: What is Meredith Broussard's ||||Broussard's: Broussard is |||Meredith|de Broussard

definition of technochauvinism? ||tecnochauvinismo

Rob: It's this idea that using technology

is better than not using technology.

Catherine: She says that we have this idea

that a computer is objective. Something ||||Unbiased|

that is objective is neutral, it doesn't have ||||neutral||| ||||neutro||| která je objektivní, je neutrální, nemá

an opinion, it's fair and it's unbiased - so ||||||объективный| |||Just |impartial||impartial| ||||||неупереджений| ||||||imparcial| ||||||obiektywna| názor, je spravedlivý a nezaujatý - takže

it's the opposite of being a chauvinist. But ||||||male supremacist| ||||||é o oposto de ser um chauvinista. Mas| 쇼비니스트가 되는 것과는 정반대입니다. 하지만

Meredith Broussard says this is not true. |Meredith Broussard|||||

Rob: She argues that computers are not ||contends|||| ||вона стверджує|||| ||argumenta||||

objective. They are proxies for the people |||stand-ins||| |||representantes|||

that make them. You might know the

word proxy when you are using your |Stand-in agent||||| |プロキシ使用時||||| |proxy||||| |proxy|||||

computer in one country and want to look 한 국가에 있는 컴퓨터를

at something that is only available 오직 이용할 수 있는 것을

in a different country. You can use a piece 다른 나라에 있습니다. 조각을 사용할 수 있습니다.

of software called a proxy to do that. ||||прокси||| ||||代理|||

Catherine: But a proxy is also a person or |||representative||||| |||представник|||||

a thing that carries out your wishes and |||fulfills|||| |||spełnia twoje życzenia|||| |||realiza|||um objeto que realiza seus desejos| 당신의 소원을 들어주는 것, 그리고

your instructions for you. |your guidelines|| 지시 사항을 확인합니다.

So computers are only as smart or as

objective as the people that

programme them. Computers are proxies ||||representatives ||||проксі ||||proxies

for their programmers. Broussard says ||програмістів|| ||i programmatori|para seus programadores. Broussard diz|

that believing too much in Artificial |||||Man-made |acreditando||||

Intelligence can make the world worse. Cognitive ability||||| |||||pior 智慧可能会让世界变得更糟。

Let's hear a bit more. This time find out |||a little more||||| 让我们再听一点。这次找出

what serious problems in society 사회의 심각한 문제 社会中的严重问题

does she think may be reflected in AI? |||||odzwierciedlone|| |||||refletido||IA AI에 반영될 수 있다고 생각하시나요?

Meredith Broussard: It's a nuanced ||||subtle and complex ||||微妙なニュアンス ||||sutil ||||złożony Meredith Broussardová: Je to diferencovaný

problem. What we have is data on the problém. Máme k dispozici údaje o 문제를 해결했습니다. 우리가 가지고 있는 데이터는 问题。我们手头的数据是

world as it is and we have serious svět jako takový a my máme vážné 우리는 심각한

problems with racism, sexism, classism, ||||階級差別 ||racial discrimination|Gender discrimination|Social class discrimination ||rasizm|seksizm|klasizm problemas||racismo|sexismo|classismo ||расизм||класизм problémy s rasismem, sexismem a třídním chováním, ageism, in the world right now so there is Discrimination against age|||||||| вікова дискримінація|||||||| 年齢差別|||||||| wiekizm|||||||| ageísmo|||||||| ageismus, ve světě právě teď, takže existuje

no such thing as perfect data. We also |||||data|| dokonalá data neexistují. Také jsme 没有完美数据这回事。我们也

have a problem inside the tech world |||||no| 在科技世界内部存在问题

where the creators of algorithms do not ||||algorithms creators|| ||twórcy|||| ||творці|||| 알고리즘 제작자가 算法的创建者也不是

have sufficient awareness of social |adequate|Understanding|| ||ter consciência suficiente do social|| |wystarczająca||| ||усвідомлення соціальних питань||

issues such that they can make good

technology that gets us closer to a world ||||more connected||| 세상에 더 가까이 다가가는 기술

as it should be. 를 클릭합니다.

Rob: She said that society has problems

with racism, sexism, classism and ageism. |racial discrimination|gender discrimination|||discrimination against age |||classismo||ageísmo

Catherine: And she says it's a nuanced ||||||Subtly complex statement ||||||тонкий делікатний Catherine||||||sutil

problem. A nuanced problem is not ||складний багатогранний|||

simple, but it does have small and

important areas which may be

hard to spot, but they need to be considered. ||detect||||||taken into account ||dostrzec||||||uwzględnione |to|||||||considerados 발견하기는 어렵지만 고려할 필요가 있습니다.

Rob: And she also talked about

algorithms used to program these Programming methods|||| 알고리즘을 프로그래밍하는 데 사용되는

technological systems.

An algorithm is a set of instructions that |set of instructions|||collection of steps||| ||||||інструкцій|

computers use to perform their tasks. 컴퓨터가 작업을 수행하는 데 사용합니다.

Essentially it's the rules that they use Basically, it's the rules.|||||| W zasadzie|||||| 기본적으로 그들이 사용하는 규칙은 다음과 같습니다.

to come up with their answers and |wymyślić||||| 에 대한 답을 제시하고 得出他们的答案，以及

Broussard believes that technology will Broussard|||| 布鲁萨德认为技术会

reflect the views of those who create the algorithms. odzwierciedlają|||||||| 反映出那些创造算法的人的观点。

Catherine: Next time you're using a piece

of software or your favourite app, you

might find yourself wondering if it's a |||questioning||| 에 대해 궁금해 할 수 있습니다.

useful tool or does it contain these little |||||Hold within|| 유용한 도구입니까, 아니면 이러한 작은 有用的工具还是包含一些细微差别的工具

nuances that 细微差别| niuanse które| nuances que| 反映开发者观点的细微差别

reflect the views of the developer. |||||software creator |||||розробник ||pontos de vista|||desenvolvedor |||||dewelopera 개발자의 의견을 반영합니다. 。

Rob: Right, Catherine. How about the

answer to this week's question then?

Catherine: I asked in which decade was

the term 'Artificial Intelligence' coined. ||||First used ||Inteligência||criou

Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?

Rob: And I said the 60s.

Catherine: But it was actually the 1950s.

Never mind, Rob. Let's review today's vocabulary.

Rob: Well, we had a chauvinist - that's |||||sexist person| |||||шовініст| |||||chauvinista|

someone who believes their country, race |||||Ethnic group

or sex is better than any others. 또는 섹스가 다른 어떤 것보다 낫습니다.

Catherine: And this gives us

technochauvinism, technochauvinismo

the belief that a technological solution is ||||Tech-based||

always a better solution to a problem.

Rob: Next - someone or something that is

objective is neutral, fair and balanced. |||Impartial|| |||||zrównoważony |||||equilibrado

Catherine: A proxy is a piece of software

but also someone who does something

for you, on your behalf. ||||In your stead ||||em seu nome ||w twoim imieniu||w twoim imieniu 여러분을 대신해서요. 为你，代表你。

A nuanced problem is a subtle |||||Delicate or understated |||||subtelny |sutil||||subtil 一个微妙的问题是微妙的。

one, it's not a simple case of right or 一种，这不是一个简单的对或错的情况。

wrong, in a nuanced problem there are |||complex and subtle|Complex issue|| |в|||||

small but important things that you need |||coisas|que||

to consider.

Rob: And an algorithm is a set of software |||algoritmo|||||software

instructions for a computer system.

Catherine: Well, that's all we have time for

today. Goodbye for now. Today|||

Rob: Bye bye!