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TED Talks 2019 + Video, Andrew Marantz / Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists

Andrew Marantz / Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists

I spent the past three years talking to some of the worst people on the internet. Now, if you've been online recently, you may have noticed that there's a lot of toxic garbage out there: racist memes, misogynist propaganda, viral misinformation. So I wanted to know who was making this stuff. I wanted to understand how they were spreading it. Ultimately, I wanted to know what kind of impact it might be having on our society. So in 2016, I started tracing some of these memes back to their source, back to the people who were making them or who were making them go viral. I'd approach those people and say, "Hey, I'm a journalist. Can I come watch you do what you do? " Now, often the response would be, "Why in hell would I want to talk to some low-t soy-boy Brooklyn globalist Jew cuck who's in cahoots with the Democrat Party? " (Laughter) To which my response would be, "Look, man, that's only 57 percent true. " (Laughter) But often I got the opposite response. "Yeah, sure, come on by. " So that's how I ended up in the living room of a social media propagandist in Southern California. He was a married white guy in his late 30s. He had a table in front of him with a mug of coffee, a laptop for tweeting, a phone for texting and an iPad for livestreaming to Periscope and YouTube. That was it. And yet, with those tools, he was able to propel his fringe, noxious talking points into the heart of the American conversation.

For example, one of the days I was there, a bomb had just exploded in New York, and the guy accused of planting the bomb had a Muslim-sounding name. Now, to the propagandist in California, this seemed like an opportunity, because one of the things he wanted was for the US to cut off almost all immigration, especially from Muslim-majority countries. So he started livestreaming, getting his followers worked up into a frenzy about how the open borders agenda was going to kill us all and asking them to tweet about this, and use specific hashtags, trying to get those hashtags trending. And tweet they did -- hundreds and hundreds of tweets, a lot of them featuring images like this one.

So that's George Soros. He's a Hungarian billionaire and philanthropist, and in the minds of some conspiracists online, George Soros is like a globalist bogeyman, one of a few elites who is secretly manipulating all of global affairs. Now, just to pause here: if this idea sounds familiar to you, that there are a few elites who control the world and a lot of them happen to be rich Jews, that's because it is one of the most anti-Semitic tropes in existence. I should also mention that the guy in New York who planted that bomb, he was an American citizen. So whatever else was going on there, immigration was not the main issue.

And the propagandist in California, he understood all this. He was a well-read guy. He was actually a lawyer. He knew the underlying facts, but he also knew that facts do not drive conversation online. What drives conversation online is emotion.

See, the original premise of social media was that it was going to bring us all together, make the world more open and tolerant and fair ... And it did some of that. But the social media algorithms have never been built to distinguish between what's true or false, what's good or bad for society, what's prosocial and what's antisocial. That's just not what those algorithms do. A lot of what they do is measure engagement: clicks, comments, shares, retweets, that kind of thing. And if you want your content to get engagement, it has to spark emotion, specifically, what behavioral scientists call "high-arousal emotion." Now, "high arousal" doesn't only mean sexual arousal, although it's the internet, obviously that works. It means anything, positive or negative, that gets people's hearts pumping. So I would sit with these propagandists, not just the guy in California, but dozens of them, and I would watch as they did this again and again successfully, not because they were Russian hackers, not because they were tech prodigies, not because they had unique political insights -- just because they understood how social media worked, and they were willing to exploit it to their advantage.

Now, at first I was able to tell myself this was a fringe phenomenon, something that was relegated to the internet. But there's really no separation anymore between the internet and everything else. This is an ad that ran on multiple TV stations during the 2018 congressional elections, alleging with very little evidence that one of the candidates was in the pocket of international manipulator George Soros, who is awkwardly photoshopped here next to stacks of cash. This is a tweet from the President of the United States, alleging, again with no evidence, that American politics is being manipulated by George Soros. This stuff that once seemed so shocking and marginal and, frankly, just ignorable, it's now so normalized that we hardly even notice it. So I spent about three years in this world. I talked to a lot of people. Some of them seemed to have no core beliefs at all. They just seemed to be betting, perfectly rationally, that if they wanted to make some money online or get some attention online, they should just be as outrageous as possible. But I talked to other people who were true ideologues. And to be clear, their ideology was not traditional conservatism. These were people who wanted to revoke female suffrage. These were people who wanted to go back to racial segregation. Some of them wanted to do away with democracy altogether. Now, obviously these people were not born believing these things. They didn't pick them up in elementary school. A lot of them, before they went down some internet rabbit hole, they had been libertarian or they had been socialist or they had been something else entirely. So what was going on?

Well, I can't generalize about every case, but a lot of the people I spoke to, they seem to have a combination of a high IQ and a low EQ. They seem to take comfort in anonymous, online spaces rather than connecting in the real world. So often they would retreat to these message boards or these subreddits, where their worst impulses would be magnified. They might start out saying something just as a sick joke, and then they would get so much positive reinforcement for that joke, so many meaningless "internet points," as they called it, that they might start believing their own joke. I talked a lot with one young woman who grew up in New Jersey, and then after high school, she moved to a new place and suddenly she just felt alienated and cut off and started retreating into her phone. She found some of these spaces on the internet where people would post the most shocking, heinous things. And she found this stuff really off-putting but also kind of engrossing, kind of like she couldn't look away from it. She started interacting with people in these online spaces, and they made her feel smart, they made her feel validated. She started feeling a sense of community, started wondering if maybe some of these shocking memes might actually contain a kernel of truth. A few months later, she was in a car with some of her new internet friends headed to Charlottesville, Virginia, to march with torches in the name of the white race. She'd gone, in a few months, from Obama supporter to fully radicalized white supremacist. Now, in her particular case, she actually was able to find her way out of the cult of white supremacy. But a lot of the people I spoke to were not. And just to be clear: I was never so convinced that I had to find common ground with every single person I spoke to that I was willing to say, "You know what, man, you're a fascist propagandist, I'm not, whatever, let's just hug it out, all our differences will melt away. " No, absolutely not. But I did become convinced that we cannot just look away from this stuff. We have to try to understand it, because only by understanding it can we even start to inoculate ourselves against it.

In my three years in this world, I got a few nasty phone calls, even some threats, but it wasn't a fraction of what female journalists get on this beat. And yeah, I am Jewish, although, weirdly, a lot of the Nazis couldn't tell I was Jewish, which I frankly just found kind of disappointing. (Laughter)

Seriously, like, your whole job is being a professional anti-Semite. Nothing about me is tipping you off at all? Nothing? (Laughter)

This is not a secret. My name is Andrew Marantz, I write for "The New Yorker," my personality type is like if a Seinfeld episode was taped at the Park Slope Food Coop. Nothing? (Laughter)

Anyway, look -- ultimately, it would be nice if there were, like, a simple formula: smartphone plus alienated kid equals 12 percent chance of Nazi. It's obviously not that simple. And in my writing, I'm much more comfortable being descriptive, not prescriptive. But this is TED, so let's get practical. I want to share a few suggestions of things that citizens of the internet like you and I might be able to do to make things a little bit less toxic.

So the first one is to be a smart skeptic. So, I think there are two kinds of skepticism. And I don't want to drown you in technical epistemological information here, but I call them smart and dumb skepticism. So, smart skepticism: thinking for yourself, questioning every claim, demanding evidence -- great, that's real skepticism. Dumb skepticism: it sounds like skepticism, but it's actually closer to knee-jerk contrarianism. Everyone says the earth is round, you say it's flat. Everyone says racism is bad, you say, "I dunno, I'm skeptical about that. " I cannot tell you how many young white men I have spoken to in the last few years who have said, "You know, the media, my teachers, they're all trying to indoctrinate me into believing in male privilege and white privilege, but I don't know about that, man, I don't think so. " Guys -- contrarian white teens of the world -- look: if you are being a round earth skeptic and a male privilege skeptic and a racism is bad skeptic, you're not being a skeptic, you're being a jerk. (Applause)

It's great to be independent-minded, we all should be independent-minded, but just be smart about it. So this next one is about free speech. You will hear smart, accomplished people who will say, "Well, I'm pro-free speech," and they say it in this way that it's like they're settling a debate, when actually, that is the very beginning of any meaningful conversation. All the interesting stuff happens after that point. OK, you're pro-free speech. What does that mean? Does it mean that David Duke and Richard Spencer need to have active Twitter accounts? Does it mean that anyone can harass anyone else online for any reason? You know, I looked through the entire list of TED speakers this year. I didn't find a single round earth skeptic. Is that a violation of free speech norms? Look, we're all pro-free speech, it's wonderful to be pro-free speech, but if that's all you know how to say again and again, you're standing in the way of a more productive conversation. Making decency cool again, so ... Great! (Applause)

Yeah. I don't even need to explain it. So in my research, I would go to Reddit or YouTube or Facebook, and I would search for "sharia law" or I would search for "the Holocaust," and you might be able to guess what the algorithms showed me, right? "Is sharia law sweeping across the United States? " "Did the Holocaust really happen? " Dumb skepticism. So we've ended up in this bizarre dynamic online, where some people see bigoted propaganda as being edgy or being dangerous and cool, and people see basic truth and human decency as pearl-clutching or virtue-signaling or just boring. And the social media algorithms, whether intentionally or not, they have incentivized this, because bigoted propaganda is great for engagement. Everyone clicks on it, everyone comments on it, whether they love it or they hate it. So the number one thing that has to happen here is social networks need to fix their platforms. (Applause)

So if you're listening to my voice and you work at a social media company or you invest in one or, I don't know, own one, this tip is for you. If you have been optimizing for maximum emotional engagement and maximum emotional engagement turns out to be actively harming the world, it's time to optimize for something else. (Applause)

But in addition to putting pressure on them to do that and waiting for them and hoping that they'll do that, there's some stuff that the rest of us can do, too. So, we can create some better pathways or suggest some better pathways for angsty teens to go down. If you see something that you think is really creative and thoughtful and you want to share that thing, you can share that thing, even if it's not flooding you with high arousal emotion. Now that is a very small step, I realize, but in the aggregate, this stuff does matter, because these algorithms, as powerful as they are, they are taking their behavioral cues from us.

So let me leave you with this. You know, a few years ago it was really fashionable to say that the internet was a revolutionary tool that was going to bring us all together. It's now more fashionable to say that the internet is a huge, irredeemable dumpster fire. Neither caricature is really true. We know the internet is just too vast and complex to be all good or all bad. And the danger with these ways of thinking, whether it's the utopian view that the internet will inevitably save us or the dystopian view that it will inevitably destroy us, either way, we're letting ourselves off the hook. There is nothing inevitable about our future. The internet is made of people. People make decisions at social media companies. People make hashtags trend or not trend. People make societies progress or regress. When we internalize that fact, we can stop waiting for some inevitable future to arrive and actually get to work now.

You know, we've all been taught that the arc of the moral universe is long but that it bends toward justice. Maybe. Maybe it will. But that has always been an aspiration. It is not a guarantee. The arc doesn't bend itself. It's not bent inevitably by some mysterious force. The real truth, which is scarier and also more liberating, is that we bend it.

Thank you.

(Applause)

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Andrew Marantz / Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists 安德鲁|马兰士|内部||奇异的||||网络巨魔||宣传者 |Andrew Marantz||||||||| |마란츠|||기괴한||||트롤들||선전가들 |||||||インターネット|||プロパガンダ製作者 أندرو مارانتز / داخل عالم غريب من المتصيدون والدعاة على الإنترنت Andrew Marantz / Einblicke in die bizarre Welt der Internet-Trolle und -Propagandisten Andrew Marantz / Inside the bizarre world of internet trolls and propagandists Andrew Marantz / El extraño mundo de los trolls y propagandistas de Internet Andrew Marantz / Dans le monde étrange des trolls et des propagandistes sur Internet Andrew Marantz / Dentro il bizzarro mondo dei troll e dei propagandisti di internet アンドリュー・マランツ / ネット荒らしとプロパガンダの奇妙な世界の内幕 앤드류 마란츠 / 인터넷 트롤과 프로파간다스트의 기괴한 세계 들여다보기 Andrew Marantz / Į keistą interneto trolių ir propagandistų pasaulį Andrew Marantz / Wewnątrz dziwacznego świata internetowych trolli i propagandystów Andrew Marantz / Por dentro do mundo bizarro dos trolls e propagandistas da internet Эндрю Маранц / Внутри причудливого мира интернет-троллей и пропагандистов Andrew Marantz / İnternet trollerinin ve propagandacılarının tuhaf dünyasının içinde Ендрю Маранц / У дивовижному світі інтернет-тролів і пропагандистів 安德鲁·马兰士 / 走进互联网巨魔和宣传者的奇异世界 安德魯馬蘭士 / 走進網路巨魔和宣傳者的奇異世界

I spent the past three years talking to some of the worst people on the internet. 私は過去3年間、インターネット上の最悪の人々と話していました。 Я провел последние три года, разговаривая с некоторыми из худших людей в Интернете. Now, if you've been online recently, you may have noticed that there's a lot of toxic garbage out there: racist memes, misogynist propaganda, viral misinformation. |||||||||||||||有害的|||||迷因|厌女主义者||病毒式传播|虚假信息 |||||||||||||||||||||woman-hating||| |||||||||||||||유해한||||||여성혐오적|선전물|바이럴한|허위 정보 |||||||||||||||有害な||||人種差別的な||||| Ahora bien, si has estado en línea recientemente, te habrás dado cuenta de que hay un montón de basura tóxica por ahí: memes racistas, propaganda misógina, desinformación viral. 最近オンラインにいるなら、そこに多くの有毒なゴミがあることに気づいているかもしれません:人種差別的なミーム、女性嫌悪的なプロパガンダ、ウイルス的な誤情報。 최근 온라인에 접속해 본 적이 있다면 인종 차별적 밈, 여성 혐오 선동, 바이러스성 잘못된 정보 등 유해한 쓰레기가 많다는 것을 눈치챘을 것입니다. Agora, se você esteve online recentemente, deve ter notado que há muito lixo tóxico por aí: memes racistas, propaganda misógina, desinformação viral. Теперь, если вы недавно были в сети, вы, возможно, заметили, что там много токсичного мусора: расистские мемы, женоненавистническая пропаганда, вирусная дезинформация. So I wanted to know who was making this stuff. Así que quería saber quién fabricaba estas cosas. だから、誰がこれを作っているのか知りたかったのです。 그래서 누가 이런 물건을 만드는지 알고 싶었습니다. I wanted to understand how they were spreading it. I wanted to understand how they were spreading it. Quería entender cómo lo propagaban. 彼らがそれをどのように広めているのか理解したかった。 저는 그들이 어떻게 그것을 퍼뜨리는지 이해하고 싶었습니다. Ultimately, I wanted to know what kind of impact it might be having on our society. In the end||||||||||||||| 궁극적으로||||||||||||||| Ultimately, I wanted to know what kind of impact it might be having on our society. 最終的には、それが私たちの社会にどのような影響を与えているのか知りたかった。 궁극적으로 저는 이것이 우리 사회에 어떤 영향을 미칠지 알고 싶었습니다. В конечном счете, я хотел знать, какое влияние это может оказать на наше общество. 最终,我想知道它可能对我们的社会产生什么样的影响。 So in 2016, I started tracing some of these memes back to their source, back to the people who were making them or who were making them go viral. ||||追踪|||||回溯|||||||||||||||||| ||||추적하기 시작했습니다||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||出所||||||||||||||| Im Jahr 2016 begann ich also, einige dieser Memes bis zu ihrer Quelle zurückzuverfolgen, bis zu den Menschen, die sie gemacht haben oder die dafür gesorgt haben, dass sie viral gehen. Así que en 2016 empecé a rastrear algunos de estos memes hasta su origen, hasta las personas que los creaban o que hacían que se volvieran virales. だから2016年に、これらのミームのいくつかを元の出所に遡って、作っている人々や、バイラルになるようにしている人々を追跡し始めました。 그래서 2016년에 저는 이러한 밈의 출처를 추적하기 시작했고, 밈을 만든 사람이나 밈을 퍼뜨린 사람들을 추적하기 시작했습니다. 因此在2016年,我开始追溯一些这些 Meme 的来源,回到那些制作它们或使它们走红的人。 I'd approach those people and say, "Hey, I'm a journalist. ||||||嘿||| 私はその人たちに近づいて言うでしょう。「ねえ、私はジャーナリストです。」 我会接触那些人并说,"嘿,我是一个记者。" Can I come watch you do what you do? 「あなたがやっていることを見に行ってもいいですか?」 Posso ir ver você fazer o que você faz? " Now, often the response would be, "Why in hell would I want to talk to some low-t soy-boy Brooklyn globalist Jew cuck who's in cahoots with the Democrat Party? ||||||||||||||||||||||Jewish person|submissive man|||In collusion with|||| ||||||||||||||||||||브루클린 글로벌|글로벌리스트 유대인|유대인|멍청한 남자|||공모하는|||민주당| |||||||||||||||||||||||sottomesso traditore|||in collusione|||| |||||是|为什么||地狱||||||||低级||大豆||布鲁克林|全球主义者|犹太人|懦夫|||勾结|||民主党| ||||||||||||||||低俗な|||||||||||||| ||||||||infiernos||||||||bajo nivel||||||||||Confabulado con|||| " Nun, die Antwort lautet oft: "Warum zum Teufel sollte ich mit einem minderbemittelten, globalistischen, jüdischen Trottel aus Brooklyn reden wollen, der mit der Demokratischen Partei unter einer Decke steckt? "A menudo, la respuesta sería: "¿Por qué demonios querría hablar con un judío globalista de Brooklyn que está confabulado con el Partido Demócrata? "Souvent, la réponse est : "Pourquoi diable voudrais-je parler à un petit con de juif mondialiste de Brooklyn qui est de mèche avec le parti démocrate ? 「今、しばしば返答はこうなるでしょう。「なんで地獄に、民主党と共謀している低レベルの大豆男のブルックリンのグローバリストのユダヤ人のカスと話さなければならないのか?」 "도대체 내가 왜 민주당과 한통속인 브루클린의 저질 소이보이 세계주의 유대인 얼간이와 대화하고 싶겠어?"라는 반응이 돌아오는 경우가 많습니다. "Agora, muitas vezes a resposta seria: "Por que diabos eu iria querer falar com algum garoto de soja globalista do Brooklyn que está em conluio com o Partido Democrata? " Часто в ответ можно услышать: "Какого черта я хочу разговаривать с каким-то низкопробным бруклинским евреем-глобалистом, который состоит в сговоре с демократической партией? Зараз часто відповідь буде такою: «Чого, в біса, я хочу розмовляти з якимось бруклінський глобалістським євреєм-глобалістом-євреєм, який перебуває в змові з Демократичною партією?» "现在,通常的反应是,"我为什么要跟某个与民主党勾结的低阶豆奶男、布鲁克林的全球主义者、犹太人扯谈呢? "    (Laughter) "(笑) To which my response would be, "Look, man, that's only 57 percent true. Ce à quoi je répondrais : "Écoute, mec, ce n'est vrai qu'à 57 %. 제 대답은 "이봐요, 그건 57%만 사실이에요. 对此我的回应是,"听着,这只有57%是对的。 "  (Laughter) But often I got the opposite response. "Yeah, sure, come on by. ||来|| "네, 그럼요. "Sim, claro, vamos lá. "Да, конечно, заходите. " So that's how I ended up in the living room of a social media propagandist in Southern California. 所以||||||||客厅||||||宣传者||| ||||||||||||||선전가||| |así es como|||||||||||||||| "Así es como acabé en el salón de un propagandista de las redes sociales en el sur de California. 그래서 저는 남부 캘리포니아의 한 소셜 미디어 프로모터의 거실에서 일하게 되었습니다." 그렇게 해서 저는 남부 캘리포니아의 한 소셜 미디어 프로모터의 거실에서 일하게 되었습니다. "Então foi assim que acabei na sala de estar de um propagandista de mídia social no sul da Califórnia. " Вот так я и оказался в гостиной пропагандиста социальных сетей в Южной Калифорнии. 所以这就是我最终来到加利福尼亚南部一位社交媒体宣传家的客厅的原因。 He was a married white guy in his late 30s. Он был женатым белым парнем в возрасте около 30 лет. 他是一个三十多岁的已婚白人男性。 He had a table in front of him with a mug of coffee, a laptop for tweeting, a phone for texting and an iPad for livestreaming to Periscope and YouTube. ||||||||||杯子||||笔记本电脑||发推||||发短信|||||直播||直播平台|| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||live streaming app|| ||||||||||머그컵|||||||||||||||라이브 스트리밍||페리스코프|| ||||||||||tazza||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||taza||||||tuitear||||||||||||| 他面前有一张桌子,上面放着一杯咖啡、一台用于发推特的笔记本电脑、一部用于发短信的手机和一台用于直播到Periscope和YouTube的iPad。 That was it. And yet, with those tools, he was able to propel his fringe, noxious talking points into the heart of the American conversation. |||||||||||边缘的|有害的|||||核心||||对话 |||||||||||marginal, extreme ideas|harmful or toxic||||||||| |||||||||||주변의|유해한||||||||| Und doch war er mit diesen Mitteln in der Lage, seine schrägen, schädlichen Argumente in den Mittelpunkt der amerikanischen Diskussion zu rücken. E, no entanto, com essas ferramentas, ele foi capaz de impulsionar seus pontos de discussão nocivos e marginais para o coração da conversa americana. И, тем не менее, с помощью этих инструментов он сумел продвинуть свои фривольные, вредные тезисы в центр американского разговора. І все ж за допомогою цих інструментів він зміг просунути свої маргінальні, шкідливі тези для розмови в серце американської розмови. 然而,凭借这些工具,他能够将自己的边缘、恶劣的观点推入美国讨论的核心。

For example, one of the days I was there, a bomb had just exploded in New York, and the guy accused of planting the bomb had a Muslim-sounding name. |||||||||||||||뉴욕|||||||||||||| Par exemple, l'un des jours où j'étais là-bas, une bombe venait d'exploser à New York et l'homme accusé d'avoir posé la bombe avait un nom à consonance musulmane. Por exemplo, um dos dias em que estive lá, uma bomba acabara de explodir em Nova York, e o cara acusado de plantar a bomba tinha um nome que soava muçulmano. Например, в один из дней, когда я там был, в Нью-Йорке только что взорвалась бомба, и у человека, обвиненного в ее закладке, было мусульманское имя. 例如,我在那里的某一天,纽约刚刚发生了一起爆炸,被指控放置炸弹的人有一个听起来像穆斯林的名字。 Now, to the propagandist in California, this seemed like an opportunity, because one of the things he wanted was for the US to cut off almost all immigration, especially from Muslim-majority countries. |||||||||||||||||||||||||几乎所有||||||| Agora, para o propagandista na Califórnia, isso parecia uma oportunidade, porque uma das coisas que ele queria era que os EUA cortassem quase toda a imigração, especialmente de países de maioria muçulmana. Пропагандисту из Калифорнии это показалось отличной возможностью, ведь он хотел, чтобы США перекрыли почти всю иммиграцию, особенно из стран с преобладанием мусульманского населения. 现在,对于加利福尼亚的宣传者来说,这似乎是一个机会,因为他想要的其中一件事就是美国几乎切断所有移民,尤其是来自穆斯林多数国家的移民。 So he started livestreaming, getting his followers worked up into a frenzy about how the open borders agenda was going to kill us all and asking them to tweet about this, and use specific hashtags, trying to get those hashtags trending. |||||||激动起来||||狂热|关于||||开放边界|议程|||||||||||推文||这|||特定|标签||||||热门话题 |||||||||||열광|||||||||||||||||||||||해시태그|||||| Also begann er mit einem Livestream, in dem er seine Anhänger in einen Rausch darüber versetzte, dass die Agenda der offenen Grenzen uns alle umbringen würde, und sie aufforderte, darüber zu twittern und bestimmte Hashtags zu verwenden, um diese Hashtags zum Trend zu machen. Il a donc commencé à diffuser des émissions en direct, à faire frémir ses partisans sur le fait que l'ouverture des frontières allait tous nous tuer et à leur demander de tweeter à ce sujet et d'utiliser des hashtags spécifiques, en essayant de faire en sorte que ces hashtags fassent la une des journaux. Então ele começou a transmitir ao vivo, deixando seus seguidores em frenesi sobre como a agenda de fronteiras abertas iria matar a todos nós e pedindo-lhes para twittar sobre isso e usar hashtags específicas, tentando fazer com que essas hashtags fossem tendência. Поэтому он начал вести прямую трансляцию, доводя своих подписчиков до исступления тем, что программа открытых границ погубит всех нас, и просил их писать об этом в Твиттере, используя определенные хэштеги, пытаясь добиться того, чтобы эти хэштеги стали трендовыми. 所以他开始直播,使他的追随者们对于开放边界的议程感到极度愤怒,认为这将导致我们所有人都死去,并请求他们在推特上发布有关此事的内容,并使用特定的标签,试图让这些标签成为热门话题。 And tweet they did -- hundreds and hundreds of tweets, a lot of them featuring images like this one. ||||数百||||推文||||||||| ||||||||트윗|||||특징으로 하는|||| |||||||||||||con immagini come questa|||| Und sie haben getwittert - Hunderte und Aberhunderte von Tweets, viele von ihnen mit Bildern wie diesem. 而他们确实在推特上发布了 -- 数百条推文,其中很多包含这样的图片。

So that's George Soros. |||索罗斯 |||조지 소로스 这就是乔治·索罗斯。 He's a Hungarian billionaire and philanthropist, and in the minds of some conspiracists online, George Soros is like a globalist bogeyman, one of a few elites who is secretly manipulating all of global affairs. ||匈牙利人|亿万富翁||慈善家|和||||||阴谋论者||||||||妖怪|一个|的||||||秘密地|操控|||| ||||||||||||conspiracy theorists||||||||scapegoat||||||||||||| ||||||||||||음모론자들||||||||악당|||||||||조종하는|||| ||||||||||||||||||||mostro||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||globalista|||||||||||||| Es un multimillonario y filántropo húngaro, y en la mente de algunos conspiracionistas en línea, George Soros es como un hombre del saco globalista, una de las pocas élites que está manipulando en secreto todos los asuntos mundiales. Ele é um bilionário e filantropo húngaro, e na mente de alguns conspiradores online, George Soros é como um bicho-papão globalista, uma das poucas elites que manipula secretamente todos os assuntos globais. Он венгерский миллиардер и филантроп, и в сознании некоторых конспирологов в Интернете Джордж Сорос предстает как гопник-глобалист, один из немногих представителей элиты, тайно манипулирующий всеми мировыми делами. Now, just to pause here: if this idea sounds familiar to you, that there are a few elites who control the world and a lot of them happen to be rich Jews, that's because it is one of the most anti-Semitic tropes in existence. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||反犹太主义||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||anti-Jewish|stereotypical ideas|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||반유대주의적인|반유대주의적|주제|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||ellos|||||||||||||||||| Ahora, sólo para hacer una pausa aquí: si esta idea le suena familiar, que hay unas pocas élites que controlan el mundo y muchas de ellas resultan ser judíos ricos, es porque es uno de los tropos más antisemitas que existen. Si cette idée vous semble familière, à savoir qu'il existe quelques élites qui contrôlent le monde et que beaucoup d'entre elles sont de riches juifs, c'est parce qu'il s'agit de l'un des tropes les plus antisémites qui soient. さて、ここで少し立ち止まって言いますが:このアイデアがあなたにとって馴染み深く感じられる場合、世界を支配するエリートが数人いて、その中の多くが裕福なユダヤ人であるというのは、非常に反ユダヤ的なトロープの1つであるからです。 Agora, só para fazer uma pausa aqui: se essa ideia soa familiar para você, que existem algumas elites que controlam o mundo e muitos deles são judeus ricos, é porque é um dos tropos mais anti-semitas que existem. . Если вам знакома идея о том, что есть несколько элит, которые контролируют мир, и многие из них - богатые евреи, то это один из самых антисемитских приемов. I should also mention that the guy in New York who planted that bomb, he was an American citizen. ||||||||||||||||||公民 また、ニューヨークで爆弾を仕掛けた男についても言及するべきです。彼はアメリカ市民でした。 我还应该提到,在纽约放置那颗炸弹的家伙,他是美国公民。 So whatever else was going on there, immigration was not the main issue. したがって、そこでもう一つ何が起こっていようとも、移民が主要な問題ではありませんでした。 Então, o que quer que estivesse acontecendo lá, a imigração não era a questão principal. Поэтому, что бы там ни происходило, иммиграция не была главной проблемой. 所以在那里的其他事情,无论是什么,移民并不是主要问题。

And the propagandist in California, he understood all this. 而在加州的宣传者,他明白这一切。 He was a well-read guy. Ele era um cara bem lido. He was actually a lawyer. Er war eigentlich Rechtsanwalt. He knew the underlying facts, but he also knew that facts do not drive conversation online. |||||||||||||推动|| Ele conhecia os fatos subjacentes, mas também sabia que os fatos não conduzem a conversa online. What drives conversation online is emotion. |||||情感 Lo que impulsa la conversación en Internet son las emociones.

See, the original premise of social media was that it was going to bring us all together, make the world more open and tolerant and fair ... And it did some of that. |||前提||||||||||||||||||||||公正的|||||| |||전제|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Verás, la premisa original de las redes sociales era que nos iban a unir a todos, que iban a hacer un mundo más abierto, tolerante y justo... Y algo de eso hizo. L'idée de départ des médias sociaux était qu'ils allaient nous rassembler, rendre le monde plus ouvert, plus tolérant et plus juste... Et c'est en partie ce qu'ils ont fait. Veja, a premissa original da mídia social era que ela iria nos unir, tornar o mundo mais aberto, tolerante e justo... E fez um pouco disso. But the social media algorithms have never been built to distinguish between what's true or false, what's good or bad for society, what's prosocial and what's antisocial. ||||算法|||||||||||假||||||||亲社会|||反社会的 |||||||||||||||||||||||beneficial to society||| |||||||||||||||||||||||사회적 이익|||반사회적 That's just not what those algorithms do. Eso no es lo que hacen esos algoritmos. A lot of what they do is measure engagement: clicks, comments, shares, retweets, that kind of thing. ||||||||参与度|点击|||转发|||| ||||||||참여도||||리트윗|||| В основном они измеряют вовлеченность: клики, комментарии, доли, ретвиты и т.д. And if you want your content to get engagement, it has to spark emotion, specifically, what behavioral scientists call "high-arousal emotion." ||||||||||||激发||||行为的|科学家|||高唤起情绪| ||||||||||||||||||||각성| ||||||||||||||||||||eccitazione| Und wenn Sie wollen, dass Ihre Inhalte Interesse wecken, müssen sie Emotionen wecken, und zwar das, was Verhaltensforscher "hocherregende Emotionen" nennen. Y si quieres que tu contenido consiga engagement, tiene que despertar emociones, en concreto, lo que los científicos del comportamiento llaman "emoción de alta excitación". E se você deseja que seu conteúdo obtenha engajamento, ele precisa despertar emoção, especificamente, o que os cientistas comportamentais chamam de "emoção de alta excitação". Now, "high arousal" doesn't only mean sexual arousal, although it's the internet, obviously that works. ||||||性欲|||||||| ||intense excitement|||||||||||| Ahora, "alta excitación" no sólo significa excitación sexual, aunque es internet, obviamente eso funciona. L'expression "forte excitation" ne signifie pas seulement l'excitation sexuelle, bien qu'il s'agisse d'Internet, ce qui fonctionne évidemment. It means anything, positive or negative, that gets people's hearts pumping. ||||||||||心跳加速 ||||||||||두근거리게 하는 Es bedeutet alles, was die Herzen der Menschen höher schlagen lässt, ob positiv oder negativ. Significa qualquer coisa, positiva ou negativa, que faça o coração das pessoas bater forte. So I would sit with these propagandists, not just the guy in California, but dozens of them, and I would watch as they did this again and again successfully, not because they were Russian hackers, not because they were tech prodigies, not because they had unique political insights -- just because they understood how social media worked, and they were willing to exploit it to their advantage. |||坐|||||||||||数十个||||||||||||||||||||黑客||||||技术天才|||||||洞察||||||||||||||利用|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||tech geniuses|||||||||||||||||||||take advantage of|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||해커들||||||기술 천재들||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||prodigio||||||||||||||||||||||||| Así que me sentaba con estos propagandistas, no sólo con el tipo de California, sino con docenas de ellos, y observaba cómo lo hacían una y otra vez con éxito, no porque fueran hackers rusos, no porque fueran prodigios de la tecnología, no porque tuvieran una visión política única, simplemente porque entendían cómo funcionaban las redes sociales y estaban dispuestos a explotarlas en su beneficio. Je m'asseyais donc avec ces propagandistes, pas seulement le type en Californie, mais des dizaines d'entre eux, et je les regardais faire encore et encore avec succès, non pas parce qu'ils étaient des pirates informatiques russes, non pas parce qu'ils étaient des prodiges de la technologie, non pas parce qu'ils avaient des idées politiques uniques - simplement parce qu'ils comprenaient comment fonctionnaient les médias sociaux et qu'ils étaient prêts à les exploiter à leur avantage. Então, eu me sentava com esses propagandistas, não apenas o cara da Califórnia, mas dezenas deles, e observava como eles faziam isso repetidas vezes com sucesso, não porque fossem hackers russos, não porque fossem prodígios da tecnologia, não porque tinham insights políticos únicos - só porque entendiam como a mídia social funcionava e estavam dispostos a explorá-la a seu favor. Так что я сидел с этими пропагандистами, не только с парнем из Калифорнии, но и с десятками других, и наблюдал, как они снова и снова успешно делают это, не потому что они русские хакеры, не потому что они технологические вундеркинды, не потому что они обладают уникальными политическими способностями - просто потому что они понимали, как работают социальные сети, и были готовы использовать их в своих интересах. 所以我会和这些宣传者坐在一起,不仅仅是加州的那个人,还有数十个这样的人,我会看着他们一次又一次成功地做到这一点,不是因为他们是俄罗斯黑客,不是因为他们是技术天才,不是因为他们有独特的政治见解——只是因为他们懂得社交媒体是如何运作的,并且愿意加以利用来谋取自己的利益。

Now, at first I was able to tell myself this was a fringe phenomenon, something that was relegated to the internet. ||||||||||||||||曾经是|降级的||| ||||||||||||주변적인 현상|||||한정된||| Zunächst konnte ich mir einreden, dass es sich um ein Randphänomen handelt, etwas, das nur im Internet zu finden ist. Al principio pude decirme a mí mismo que se trataba de un fenómeno marginal, algo relegado a Internet. Au début, j'ai pu me dire qu'il s'agissait d'un phénomène marginal, relégué à l'internet. 最初は、これはインターネットに追いやられたフリンジ現象だと自分に言い聞かせていた。 Agora, a princípio, consegui dizer a mim mesmo que isso era um fenômeno marginal, algo que foi relegado à internet. Поначалу мне удавалось убеждать себя, что это некий феномен, ушедший в Интернет. 起初我能告诉自己这只是一个边缘现象,是被 relegated 到互联网的东西。 But there's really no separation anymore between the internet and everything else. ||||分离||||||| Pero realmente ya no hay separación entre Internet y todo lo demás. Mas realmente não há mais separação entre a internet e todo o resto. Но на самом деле уже нет разделения между Интернетом и всем остальным. 但现在互联网与其他一切之间真的没有分隔了。 This is an ad that ran on multiple TV stations during the 2018 congressional elections, alleging with very little evidence that one of the candidates was in the pocket of international manipulator George Soros, who is awkwardly photoshopped here next to stacks of cash. |||||||多个|||||国会的|选举|声称||||证据||||||是|在||口袋|||操控者||索罗斯|||尴尬地|合成的||||堆叠|| ||||||||||||||claiming with little evidence|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||의회||주장하는||||||||||||||||조작자|||||어색하게|포토샵으로 편|||||| ||||||||||||||sostenendo senza prove|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||torpemente|||junto a||Pilas de dinero|| Dies ist ein Werbespot, der während der Kongresswahlen 2018 auf mehreren Fernsehsendern lief und in dem mit sehr wenig Beweisen behauptet wurde, dass einer der Kandidaten in der Tasche des internationalen Manipulators George Soros steckte, der hier ungeschickt neben Stapeln von Bargeld abgebildet ist. Este es un anuncio que se emitió en múltiples cadenas de televisión durante las elecciones al Congreso de 2018, alegando con muy pocas pruebas que uno de los candidatos estaba en el bolsillo del manipulador internacional George Soros, que aparece torpemente photoshopeado aquí junto a montones de dinero en efectivo. Il s'agit d'une publicité qui a été diffusée sur plusieurs chaînes de télévision pendant les élections législatives de 2018, alléguant avec très peu de preuves que l'un des candidats était dans la poche du manipulateur international George Soros, qui est maladroitement photoshopé ici à côté de piles d'argent liquide. Este é um anúncio que foi veiculado em várias emissoras de TV durante as eleições parlamentares de 2018, alegando com muito pouca evidência de que um dos candidatos estava no bolso do manipulador internacional George Soros, que é desajeitadamente photoshopado aqui ao lado de pilhas de dinheiro. Это реклама, которая была показана на нескольких телеканалах во время выборов в Конгресс в 2018 г. и в которой без особых доказательств утверждалось, что один из кандидатов находится в кармане международного манипулятора Джорджа Сороса, который неловко отфотошоплен здесь рядом с пачками денег. 这是在2018年国会选举期间在多个电视台播放的广告,几乎没有证据声称其中一位候选人是国际操控者乔治·索罗斯的傀儡,而他在这里与一堆现金的照片合成得很尴尬。 This is a tweet from the President of the United States, alleging, again with no evidence, that American politics is being manipulated by George Soros. ||||||||||||再次|||||||||操控||| |||||||||||claiming without proof||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||조작되고 있다||| Il s'agit d'un tweet du président des États-Unis, qui affirme, toujours sans preuve, que la politique américaine est manipulée par George Soros. 这是美国总统的一条推特,再次毫无证据地声称美国政治正被乔治·索罗斯操控。 This stuff that once seemed so shocking and marginal and, frankly, just ignorable, it's now so normalized that we hardly even notice it. ||||||震惊||边缘||坦率地||可忽略的||||正常化|||||| ||||||||||||dismissible|||||||||| ||||||충격적이었던||||||무시할 수 있는||||정상화된|||||| Estas cosas que antes parecían tan chocantes y marginales y, francamente, simplemente ignorables, ahora están tan normalizadas que apenas nos damos cuenta. Ces choses qui semblaient autrefois si choquantes et marginales et, franchement, tout simplement ignorables, sont aujourd'hui tellement normalisées que nous les remarquons à peine. Essas coisas que antes pareciam tão chocantes e marginais e, francamente, apenas ignoráveis, agora estão tão normalizadas que mal percebemos. То, что раньше казалось шокирующим, маргинальным и, откровенно говоря, просто не заслуживающим внимания, теперь настолько нормализовалось, что мы даже почти не замечаем этого. 这些曾经看起来如此令人震惊和边缘化、坦率地说,根本可以忽视的内容,如今已如此常态化以至于我们几乎无法察觉。 So I spent about three years in this world. I talked to a lot of people. Some of them seemed to have no core beliefs at all. ||||||||creencias fundamentales|| Einige von ihnen schienen überhaupt keine Grundüberzeugungen zu haben. Algunos de ellos parecían no tener creencias fundamentales. Alguns deles pareciam não ter nenhuma crença central. Некоторые из них, похоже, вообще не имели никаких основных убеждений. 他们中的一些人似乎根本没有核心信念。 They just seemed to be betting, perfectly rationally, that if they wanted to make some money online or get some attention online, they should just be as outrageous as possible. 他们|||||赌博|完美地||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||apostando||||||||||||||||||||||escandalosos|| Sie schienen einfach darauf zu wetten, dass sie, wenn sie online Geld verdienen oder Aufmerksamkeit erregen wollten, so unverschämt wie möglich sein sollten. Ils semblaient simplement parier, de manière parfaitement rationnelle, que s'ils voulaient gagner de l'argent en ligne ou attirer l'attention en ligne, ils devaient être aussi scandaleux que possible. Eles apenas pareciam estar apostando, perfeitamente racionalmente, que se quisessem ganhar algum dinheiro online ou chamar atenção online, deveriam ser o mais ultrajantes possível. Казалось, что они совершенно рационально решили, что если они хотят заработать в Интернете или привлечь к себе внимание, то они должны быть как можно более возмутительными. 他们似乎只是理性地打算,如果他们想在网上赚钱或获得一些关注,就应该尽可能地引人注目。 But I talked to other people who were true ideologues. |||||||||意识形态者 |||||||||strict believers |||||||||이념가들 |||||||||ideólogos verdaderos Aber ich habe mit anderen Leuten gesprochen, die echte Ideologen waren. 但我也和其他一些真正的意识形态者交谈过。 And to be clear, their ideology was not traditional conservatism. E para ser claro, a ideologia deles não era o conservadorismo tradicional. These were people who wanted to revoke female suffrage. ||||||撤销||女性选举权 ||||||take away||right to vote ||||||철회하다||여성 참정권 Eram pessoas que queriam revogar o sufrágio feminino. Это были люди, которые хотели отменить избирательное право для женщин. These were people who wanted to go back to racial segregation. ||||||||||种族隔离 ||||||||||racial separation ||||||||||인종 분리 Some of them wanted to do away with democracy altogether. |||||废除|废除||民主|完全地 |||||없애다|||| |||||||||por completo Algunos querían acabar con la democracia. Alguns deles queriam acabar com a democracia por completo. Некоторые из них хотели вообще отказаться от демократии. 他们中的一些人想完全废除民主。 Now, obviously these people were not born believing these things. ||||||出生|相信|| Offensichtlich wurden diese Menschen nicht in dem Glauben geboren, diese Dinge zu glauben. Agora, obviamente, essas pessoas não nasceram acreditando nessas coisas. 显然,这些人并不是天生就相信这些观点的。 They didn't pick them up in elementary school. ||||||小学| Eles não os pegaram na escola primária. 他们并不是在小学时学到这些的。 A lot of them, before they went down some internet rabbit hole, they had been libertarian or they had been socialist or they had been something else entirely. ||||||||||||||||||||社会主义者||||||| |||||||||||||||individualist or free-market|||||||||||| |||||||||||||||자유지상주의|||||사회주의자||||||| Muchos de ellos, antes de meterse en algún agujero de conejo de Internet, habían sido libertarios o socialistas o algo totalmente distinto. Beaucoup d'entre eux, avant de s'enfoncer dans un trou de lapin sur Internet, ont été libertaires ou socialistes, ou ont été tout autre chose. Muitos deles, antes de entrarem em algum buraco de coelho da internet, eram libertários ou socialistas ou algo completamente diferente. Многие из них, до того как спуститься в какую-то кроличью нору в Интернете, были либертарианцами, социалистами или кем-то еще. 他们中的很多人在陷入某些网络陷阱之前,曾是自由意志主义者、社会主义者,或者完全是其他什么人。 So what was going on? 那么,这是什么情况呢?

Well, I can't generalize about every case, but a lot of the people I spoke to, they seem to have a combination of a high IQ and a low EQ. |||||||||||||||||||||||||智商|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||emotional intelligence |||||||||||||||||||||||||높은 지능||||감정 지능 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||EQ Nun, ich kann nicht jeden Fall verallgemeinern, aber viele der Menschen, mit denen ich gesprochen habe, scheinen eine Kombination aus einem hohen IQ und einem niedrigen EQ zu haben. Je ne peux pas généraliser, mais la plupart des personnes à qui j'ai parlé semblent avoir une combinaison de QI élevé et de QE faible. 嗯,我不能对每个案例进行概括,但我和很多人交谈过,他们似乎拥有高智商和低情商的结合。 They seem to take comfort in anonymous, online spaces rather than connecting in the real world. ||||||匿名的||||||||| ||||||익명||||||||| Eles parecem se sentir confortáveis em espaços online anônimos em vez de se conectarem no mundo real. So often they would retreat to these message boards or these subreddits, where their worst impulses would be magnified. ||||撤退|||信息||||子版块||||冲动|||放大 ||||||||||||||||||intensified ||||후퇴하다|||||||서브레딧||||||| |||||||||||subforos de Reddit|||peores|||| So zogen sie sich oft in diese Messageboards oder Subreddits zurück, wo ihre schlimmsten Impulse noch verstärkt wurden. Así que a menudo se retiraban a estos tablones de mensajes o a estos subreddits, donde se magnificaban sus peores impulsos. Ils se réfugiaient donc souvent sur ces forums de discussion ou ces subreddits, où leurs pires pulsions étaient amplifiées. Muitas vezes eles se retiravam para esses quadros de mensagens ou esses subreddits, onde seus piores impulsos seriam ampliados. Поэтому часто они уединялись на этих досках объявлений или в этих сабреддитах, где их худшие побуждения усиливались. They might start out saying something just as a sick joke, and then they would get so much positive reinforcement for that joke, so many meaningless "internet points," as they called it, that they might start believing their own joke. |||||||||恶搞||||||||||强化||||||无意义的|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||강화|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||sin sentido|||||||||||||| Sie fangen vielleicht an, etwas nur als kranken Witz zu sagen, und dann bekommen sie so viel positive Bestätigung für diesen Witz, so viele bedeutungslose "Internet-Punkte", wie sie es nennen, dass sie anfangen, ihren eigenen Witz zu glauben. Podían empezar diciendo algo sólo como una broma de mal gusto, y luego recibían tanto refuerzo positivo por esa broma, tantos "puntos de Internet" sin sentido, como ellos lo llamaban, que podían empezar a creerse su propia broma. Ils peuvent commencer par dire quelque chose pour faire une blague de mauvais goût, puis ils reçoivent tellement de renforcements positifs pour cette blague, tellement de "points Internet" sans signification, comme ils l'appellent, qu'ils peuvent commencer à croire à leur propre blague. Eles podem começar dizendo algo apenas como uma piada de mau gosto, e então eles receberiam tanto reforço positivo para aquela piada, tantos "pontos de internet" sem sentido, como eles chamavam, que eles poderiam começar a acreditar em sua própria piada. Они могут начать говорить что-то просто как больную шутку, а потом получить столько положительного подкрепления за эту шутку, столько бессмысленных "интернет-очков", как они это называют, что они могут начать верить в свою шутку. I talked a lot with one young woman who grew up in New Jersey, and then after high school, she moved to a new place and suddenly she just felt alienated and cut off and started retreating into her phone. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||疏离||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||isolated and disconnected||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||소외감을 느||고립된||||||| J'ai beaucoup parlé avec une jeune femme qui a grandi dans le New Jersey et qui, après le lycée, a déménagé et s'est soudain sentie aliénée et coupée du monde, et a commencé à se réfugier dans son téléphone. Conversei muito com uma jovem que cresceu em Nova Jersey e, depois do ensino médio, ela se mudou para um novo lugar e, de repente, se sentiu alienada e cortada e começou a se retirar para o telefone. She found some of these spaces on the internet where people would post the most shocking, heinous things. ||||||||||||发布||||可怕的| ||||||||||||||||atrocious| ||||||||||||||||끔찍한| ||||||||||||||||orribili| |||||||||||||||impactantes|atroces| Sie entdeckte einige dieser Bereiche im Internet, in denen Menschen die schockierendsten, abscheulichsten Dinge veröffentlichten. Она нашла в Интернете несколько таких мест, где люди выкладывали самые шокирующие, отвратительные вещи. And she found this stuff really off-putting but also kind of engrossing, kind of like she couldn't look away from it. ||||||令人反感|令人厌恶的|||||吸引人的||||||||| ||||||||||||captivating||||||||| ||||||||||||매혹적인||||||||| ||||cosas||desagradable||||||absorbente||||||||| Et elle a trouvé ces choses vraiment rebutantes, mais aussi un peu captivantes, comme si elle ne pouvait pas s'en détourner. E ela achou essas coisas realmente desanimadoras, mas também meio cativantes, como se ela não pudesse desviar o olhar. Она находила этот материал очень неприятным и в то же время увлекательным, от него невозможно было оторваться. She started interacting with people in these online spaces, and they made her feel smart, they made her feel validated. ||||||||||||她的|||||||得到认可 |||||||||y|||||||||| Empezó a interactuar con gente en estos espacios en línea, y le hicieron sentirse inteligente, le hicieron sentirse validada. Ela começou a interagir com as pessoas nesses espaços online, e eles a fizeram se sentir inteligente, fizeram com que ela se sentisse validada. She started feeling a sense of community, started wondering if maybe some of these shocking memes might actually contain a kernel of truth. ||||||||||||||||||包含|一个|真理的核心|| ||||||||||||||||||||일말의 진실|| ||||||||||||||||||||núcleo de verdad|| Sie fing an, ein Gemeinschaftsgefühl zu spüren, und fragte sich, ob einige dieser schockierenden Memes nicht vielleicht doch einen Funken Wahrheit enthalten könnten. Она начала ощущать чувство общности, начала задумываться о том, что, возможно, в некоторых из этих шокирующих мемов действительно есть доля правды. 她开始感受到一种社区意识,开始想知道这些令人震惊的模因是否可能真的包含一丝真相。 A few months later, she was in a car with some of her new internet friends headed to Charlottesville, Virginia, to march with torches in the name of the white race. ||||||||||||||||||夏洛茨维尔|||游行||火把||||||| ||||||||||||||||||a racist rally|||||flaming sticks||||||| ||||||||||||||||||샬러츠빌|||||||||||| Unos meses después, se encontraba en un coche con algunos de sus nuevos amigos de Internet rumbo a Charlottesville, Virginia, para marchar con antorchas en nombre de la raza blanca. Alguns meses depois, ela estava em um carro com alguns de seus novos amigos da internet indo para Charlottesville, Virgínia, para marchar com tochas em nome da raça branca. Несколько месяцев спустя она вместе со своими новыми интернет-друзьями отправилась в Шарлотсвилл (штат Вирджиния), чтобы провести шествие с факелами во имя белой расы. 几个月后,她和一些新认识的网络朋友一起坐车前往弗吉尼亚州的夏洛茨维尔,准备举着火把为白人种族游行。 She'd gone, in a few months, from Obama supporter to fully radicalized white supremacist. |||||||||||||白人至上主义者 |||||||||||extremist ideologies||racist extremist |||||||오바마||||급진화된||백인 우월주의 En quelques mois, elle est passée du statut de partisane d'Obama à celui de suprématiste blanche totalement radicalisée. Ela passou, em poucos meses, de apoiadora de Obama a supremacista branca totalmente radicalizada. За несколько месяцев она прошла путь от сторонницы Обамы до полностью радикализированной белой супрематистки. 她在短短几个月内,从奥巴马的支持者变成了彻底激进的白人至上主义者。 Now, in her particular case, she actually was able to find her way out of the cult of white supremacy. ||||||||||||||||邪教|||白人至上 ||||||||||||||||사이비 종교|||백인 우월주의 Dans son cas particulier, elle a réussi à s'extraire du culte de la suprématie blanche. Agora, em seu caso particular, ela realmente conseguiu sair do culto da supremacia branca. 现在,在她的具体情况下,她实际上能够找到脱离白人至上主义邪教的方法。 But a lot of the people I spoke to were not. 但我交谈的许多人并不是这样。 And just to be clear: I was never so convinced that I had to find common ground with every single person I spoke to that I was willing to say, "You know what, man, you're a fascist propagandist, I'm not, whatever, let's just hug it out, all our differences will melt away. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||法西斯主义者|||||||拥抱|||||||融化| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||authoritarian extremist||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||파시스트|||||||포옹하자|||||||녹아 없어질| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||lo que sea|||abrazarnos|||||||| Und nur um das klarzustellen: Ich war nie so überzeugt, dass ich mit jedem einzelnen Gesprächspartner eine gemeinsame Basis finden musste, dass ich bereit war zu sagen: "Weißt du was, Mann, du bist ein faschistischer Propagandist, ich nicht, was auch immer, lass uns das einfach umarmen, dann werden alle unsere Differenzen verschwinden. Y para que quede claro: nunca estuve tan convencido de que tenía que encontrar puntos en común con cada persona con la que hablaba como para decir: "Sabes qué, tío, tú eres un propagandista fascista, yo no, da igual, abracémonos, todas nuestras diferencias se disiparán". Et pour être clair : je n'ai jamais été convaincu que je devais trouver un terrain d'entente avec chaque personne à qui je parlais au point de dire : "Tu sais quoi, mec, tu es un propagandiste fasciste, je ne le suis pas, peu importe, faisons un câlin, toutes nos différences disparaîtront". E só para deixar claro: eu nunca estive tão convencido de que tinha que encontrar um terreno comum com cada pessoa com quem falei que estava disposto a dizer: "Sabe de uma coisa, cara, você é um propagandista fascista, não sou , seja o que for, vamos apenas abraçá-lo, todas as nossas diferenças vão derreter. И для ясности: я никогда не был настолько убежден, что должен находить общий язык с каждым собеседником, что готов был сказать: "Знаешь что, чувак, ты фашистский пропагандист, я - нет, какая разница, давай просто обнимемся, и все наши разногласия растают". 为了明确一点:我从来没有这么确信我必须与我交谈的每个人找到共同点,以至于我愿意说,"你知道吗,伙计,你是一个法西斯宣传者,而我不是,随便吧,让我们拥抱一下,我们所有的分歧都会消失。" " No, absolutely not. But I did become convinced that we cannot just look away from this stuff. |||||||||눈을 돌리다|||| Но я убедился, что мы не можем просто отмахнуться от этих вещей. 但我确实信服我们不能对此视而不见。 We have to try to understand it, because only by understanding it can we even start to inoculate ourselves against it. ||||||||||||||甚至|||预防||| |||||||||||||||||protect against||| |||||||||||||||||예방할 수 있다||| Мы должны попытаться понять это, потому что, только поняв это, мы можем хотя бы начать прививать себя от этого. 我们必须努力去理解它,因为只有理解它,我们才能开始抵御它。

In my three years in this world, I got a few nasty phone calls, even some threats, but it wasn't a fraction of what female journalists get on this beat. |||||||||||恶劣的|||||威胁|||不是||||||||||领域 |||||||||||desagradables|||||amenazas||||||||||||| In den drei Jahren, die ich in dieser Welt verbracht habe, habe ich einige böse Anrufe und sogar Drohungen erhalten, aber das war nur ein Bruchteil dessen, was Journalistinnen in diesem Bereich erleben. En mis tres años en este mundo, recibí unas cuantas llamadas desagradables, incluso algunas amenazas, pero no era ni una fracción de lo que reciben las periodistas en esta profesión. Au cours de mes trois années dans ce monde, j'ai reçu quelques appels téléphoniques désagréables, et même quelques menaces, mais ce n'était pas une fraction de ce que les femmes journalistes reçoivent dans ce domaine. За три года работы в этом мире я получила несколько неприятных телефонных звонков, даже угрозы, но это не было и малой долей того, что получают журналистки, работающие в этой сфере. 在我在这个世界的三年里,我接到过一些恶劣的电话,甚至还有一些威胁,但这远不及女性记者在这个领域所遭受的情况。 And yeah, I am Jewish, although, weirdly, a lot of the Nazis couldn't tell I was Jewish, which I frankly just found kind of disappointing. ||||||奇怪地|||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||나치들||||||||||||| ||||||extrañamente|||||||||||||||||| Und ja, ich bin Jude, obwohl viele der Nazis seltsamerweise nicht erkennen konnten, dass ich Jude bin, was ich ehrlich gesagt etwas enttäuschend fand. Y sí, soy judío, aunque, extrañamente, muchos de los nazis no sabían que lo era, lo que francamente me pareció decepcionante. Et oui, je suis juive, même si, bizarrement, beaucoup de nazis ne pouvaient pas savoir que j'étais juive, ce que j'ai franchement trouvé décevant. И да, я еврей, хотя, как ни странно, многие нацисты не могли сказать, что я еврей, что меня, честно говоря, просто разочаровывало. 是的,我是犹太人,尽管奇怪的是,很多纳粹分子无法分辨我是否是犹太人,这让我感到有些失望。 (Laughter) (笑声)

Seriously, like, your whole job is being a professional anti-Semite. ||||||||||反犹太主义者 ||||||||||Jewish person hater |||||||||반유대주의자|반유대주의자 Im Ernst, Ihr ganzer Job ist es, ein professioneller Antisemit zu sein. Серьезно, как будто вся твоя работа заключается в том, чтобы быть профессиональным антисемитом. 说真的,你的整个工作就是当一个专业的反犹太主义者。 Nothing about me is tipping you off at all? ||||透露|||| ||||suggerendo|||| ||||||alertando|| Nichts an mir gibt Ihnen einen Hinweis? ¿No hay nada en mí que te haga sospechar? Rien chez moi ne vous met la puce à l'oreille ? Nada sobre mim está te alertando? Ничего во мне тебя не настораживает? Нічого про мене вас не натякає? 我身上没有任何线索吗? Nothing? 没有吗? (Laughter) (笑声)

This is not a secret. Это не секрет. My name is Andrew Marantz, I write for "The New Yorker," my personality type is like if a Seinfeld episode was taped at the Park Slope Food Coop. 我的||||||||||纽约客||||||||宋飞正传|剧集|||||公园|坡||合作社 |||||||||||||||||||||recorded at||||||community grocery store ||||||||||뉴요커|||||||||||||||파크 슬로프||협동조합 ||||||||||||||||||episodio de Seinfeld|episodio|||||||| Mein Name ist Andrew Marantz, ich schreibe für "The New Yorker", mein Persönlichkeitstyp ist so, als ob eine Seinfeld-Folge in der Park Slope Food Coop aufgezeichnet worden wäre. Me llamo Andrew Marantz, escribo para "The New Yorker", mi tipo de personalidad es como si un episodio de Seinfeld se grabara en el Park Slope Food Coop. Меня зовут Эндрю Маранц, я пишу для "The New Yorker", мой тип личности - как если бы серия "Сайнфелда" была записана в Park Slope Food Coop. Nothing? (Laughter)

Anyway, look -- ultimately, it would be nice if there were, like, a simple formula: smartphone plus alienated kid equals 12 percent chance of Nazi. ||||||||||||||智能手机|||孩子|等于||||纳粹 ||In the end|||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||스마트폰||||||||나치 Wie dem auch sei, es wäre schön, wenn es eine einfache Formel gäbe: Smartphone plus entfremdetes Kind gleich 12 Prozent Chance auf Nazi. Quoi qu'il en soit, en fin de compte, ce serait bien s'il y avait une formule simple : smartphone plus enfant aliéné égale 12 pour cent de chance de Nazi. De qualquer forma, olhe - no final das contas, seria bom se houvesse, tipo, uma fórmula simples: smartphone mais criança alienada equivale a 12% de chance de nazista. В общем, смотрите... В конце концов, было бы неплохо, если бы существовала простая формула: смартфон плюс отчужденный ребенок - 12 процентов вероятности нацизма. It's obviously not that simple. And in my writing, I'm much more comfortable being descriptive, not prescriptive. |||||||||描述性的||规范性的 |||||||||detailed and illustrative||giving directives |||||||||묘사적인||규범적인 Und beim Schreiben fühle ich mich viel wohler, wenn ich beschreibend und nicht vorschreibend bin. И в своей писательской деятельности мне гораздо удобнее быть описательным, а не предписывающим. 在我的写作中,我更喜欢描述性而不是规定性。 But this is TED, so let's get practical. 但这是TED,所以让我们实用一点。 I want to share a few suggestions of things that citizens of the internet like you and I might be able to do to make things a little bit less toxic. ||||||建议|||||||||||||||||||||||| 我想分享一些建议,供像你我这样的互联网公民来做,使事情变得稍微少一些毒性。

So the first one is to be a smart skeptic. |||||||||스마트한 회의 So, I think there are two kinds of skepticism. And I don't want to drown you in technical epistemological information here, but I call them smart and dumb skepticism. |||||淹没||||认识论的|信息||||||||愚蠢| |||||||||knowledge-related|||||||||| |||||압도하다||||지식론적|||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||tonta| Y no quiero ahogarte aquí en información epistemológica técnica, pero yo los llamo escepticismo inteligente y escepticismo tonto. E eu não quero te afogar em informações epistemológicas técnicas aqui, mas eu as chamo de ceticismo inteligente e burro. 我不想在这里淹没你在技术认识论信息中,但我称它们为聪明的怀疑和愚蠢的怀疑。 So, smart skepticism: thinking for yourself, questioning every claim, demanding evidence -- great, that's real skepticism. ||||||质疑|||||||| |||||||||insisting on||||| Kluger Skeptizismus bedeutet also, selbst zu denken, jede Behauptung zu hinterfragen und Beweise einzufordern - großartig, das ist echter Skeptizismus. Então, ceticismo inteligente: pensando por si mesmo, questionando todas as alegações, exigindo evidências – ótimo, isso é ceticismo real. Итак, умный скептицизм: думать самостоятельно, подвергать сомнению каждое утверждение, требовать доказательств - отлично, это и есть настоящий скептицизм. 所以,聪明的怀疑:自己思考,质疑每一个主张,要求证据——太好了,这才是真正的怀疑。 Dumb skepticism: it sounds like skepticism, but it's actually closer to knee-jerk contrarianism. |||||||||||膝盖|反应性|反向思维 |||||||||||||automatic opposition ||||||||||||무비판적 반|반대주의 ||||||pero||||||| Dummer Skeptizismus: Klingt wie Skeptizismus, ist aber eigentlich eher eine reflexartige Gegenhaltung. Escepticismo tonto: suena a escepticismo, pero en realidad se acerca más al contrarianismo visceral. Scepticisme stupide : cela ressemble à du scepticisme, mais c'est en fait plus proche d'un contrarianisme aveugle. Ceticismo mudo: soa como ceticismo, mas na verdade está mais próximo do contrarianismo instintivo. Тупой скептицизм: звучит как скептицизм, но на самом деле это больше похоже на скептицизм. 愚蠢的怀疑:听起来像怀疑,但实际上更接近于本能的反对主义。 Everyone says the earth is round, you say it's flat. |||||圆形||||平坦 Todo mundo diz que a terra é redonda, você diz que é plana. Все говорят, что Земля круглая, а вы говорите, что она плоская. 大家都说地球是圆的,你却说它是平的。 Everyone says racism is bad, you say, "I dunno, I'm skeptical about that. ||||||||||怀疑的|| ||||||||don't know|||| ||||||||no sé|||| 大家都说种族歧视是错误的,你却说,“我不知道,我对此持怀疑态度。” " I cannot tell you how many young white men I have spoken to in the last few years who have said, "You know, the media, my teachers, they're all trying to indoctrinate me into believing in male privilege and white privilege, but I don't know about that, man, I don't think so. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||灌输|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||brainwash|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||세뇌하다|||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||hombre|privilegio blanco|||||||||||||| "Ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, mit wie vielen jungen weißen Männern ich in den letzten Jahren gesprochen habe, die sagten: "Wissen Sie, die Medien, meine Lehrer, sie alle versuchen, mich zu indoktrinieren, damit ich an das männliche Privileg und das weiße Privileg glaube, aber ich weiß es nicht, Mann, ich denke nicht so. No puedo decirte con cuántos jóvenes blancos he hablado en los últimos años que me han dicho: "Ya sabes, los medios de comunicación, mis profesores, todos están tratando de adoctrinarme para que crea en el privilegio masculino y el privilegio blanco, pero yo no sé nada de eso, hombre, no lo creo". " Я не могу передать словами, со сколькими молодыми белыми мужчинами я разговаривал за последние несколько лет, которые говорили: "Знаете, СМИ, мои учителя - все они пытаются внушить мне веру в привилегии мужчин и привилегии белых, но я не знаю об этом, я так не думаю. "我无法告诉你在过去几年里我和多少年轻的白人男性交谈过,他们说:‘你知道,媒体,我的老师,他们都在试图灌输我相信男性特权和白人特权,但我对此不太相信,伙计,我不认为是这样的。’ " Guys -- contrarian white teens of the world -- look: if you are being a round earth skeptic and a male privilege skeptic and a racism is bad skeptic, you're not being a skeptic, you're being a jerk. 伙计们|逆向思维者||||||||||||||||||||||||坏的|||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||멍청이 |contrario|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| "Leute - widersprüchliche weiße Teenager der Welt - seht her: Wenn ihr Skeptiker der runden Erde, Skeptiker der männlichen Privilegien und Skeptiker des Rassismus seid, seid ihr keine Skeptiker, sondern ein Idiot. "Les gars - les adolescents blancs contrariants du monde - écoutez : si vous êtes un sceptique de la Terre ronde, un sceptique du privilège masculin et un sceptique du racisme, vous n'êtes pas un sceptique, vous êtes un con. "Pessoal - adolescentes brancos contrários do mundo - vejam: se você está sendo um cético da terra redonda e um cético dos privilégios masculinos e um racismo é um cético ruim, você não está sendo um cético, você está sendo um idiota. " Парни - белые подростки с противоположным мнением - смотрите: если вы скептик круглой Земли, скептик мужских привилегий и скептик расизма - это плохо, то вы не скептик, а придурок. «Хлопці, протилежні білі підлітки світу, подивіться: якщо ви скептик із круглої землі та скептик щодо чоловічих привілеїв, а расизм — поганий скептик, ви не скептик, ви — придурок. (Applause)

It's great to be independent-minded, we all should be independent-minded, but just be smart about it. |||||independiente|||||||||||| Es estupendo ser independiente, todos deberíamos serlo, pero hay que ser inteligente. É ótimo ter uma mente independente, todos nós devemos ter uma mente independente, mas apenas seja inteligente sobre isso. So this next one is about free speech. Então este próximo é sobre liberdade de expressão. You will hear smart, accomplished people who will say, "Well, I'm pro-free speech," and they say it in this way that it's like they're settling a debate, when actually, that is the very beginning of any meaningful conversation. ||||成功的|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||meaningful| ||||성취한|||||||전문가|자유로운|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||realizadas|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||significativa conversación| Sie werden kluge, erfahrene Leute hören, die sagen: "Nun, ich bin für die Meinungsfreiheit", und sie sagen das so, als ob sie eine Debatte beenden würden, obwohl das eigentlich der Beginn einer sinnvollen Unterhaltung ist. Vous entendrez des personnes intelligentes et accomplies qui diront : "Je suis pour la liberté d'expression", et elles le diront comme si elles réglaient un débat, alors qu'en réalité, c'est le début même de toute conversation sérieuse. Você ouvirá pessoas inteligentes e talentosas que dirão: "Bem, eu sou a favor da liberdade de expressão", e eles dizem isso dessa maneira que é como se estivessem resolvendo um debate, quando na verdade esse é o começo de qualquer conversa significativa. Вы услышите умных, состоявшихся людей, которые скажут: "Ну, я за свободу слова", и скажут это так, как будто они разрешают спор, хотя на самом деле это самое начало любого содержательного разговора. All the interesting stuff happens after that point. OK, you're pro-free speech. What does that mean? Что это означает? Does it mean that David Duke and Richard Spencer need to have active Twitter accounts? Isso significa que David Duke e Richard Spencer precisam ter contas ativas no Twitter? Означает ли это, что Дэвид Дюк и Ричард Спенсер должны иметь активные аккаунты в Twitter? Does it mean that anyone can harass anyone else online for any reason? ||||||괴롭히다|||||| Isso significa que qualquer pessoa pode assediar outra pessoa online por qualquer motivo? Означает ли это, что любой человек может преследовать другого в Интернете по любому поводу? You know, I looked through the entire list of TED speakers this year. Знаете, я просмотрел весь список докладчиков TED в этом году. I didn't find a single round earth skeptic. Ich habe keinen einzigen Skeptiker der runden Erde gefunden. No he encontrado ni un solo escéptico de la tierra redonda. Я не нашел ни одного скептика круглой Земли. Is that a violation of free speech norms? |||위반|||| Ist das ein Verstoß gegen die Normen der Meinungsfreiheit? Look, we're all pro-free speech, it's wonderful to be pro-free speech, but if that's all you know how to say again and again, you're standing in the way of a more productive conversation. Mira, todos estamos a favor de la libertad de expresión, es maravilloso estar a favor de la libertad de expresión, pero si eso es todo lo que sabes decir una y otra vez, estás obstaculizando una conversación más productiva. Écoutez, nous sommes tous favorables à la liberté d'expression, et c'est merveilleux de l'être, mais si c'est tout ce que vous savez dire encore et encore, vous faites obstacle à une conversation plus productive. Olha, somos todos pró-liberdade de expressão, é maravilhoso ser pró-liberdade de expressão, mas se isso é tudo que você sabe dizer de novo e de novo, você está atrapalhando uma conversa mais produtiva. Making decency cool again, so ... Great! |Respectful behavior|||| |품위|||| Приличия снова становятся крутыми, так что... Отлично! (Applause)

Yeah. I don't even need to explain it. So in my research, I would go to Reddit or YouTube or Facebook, and I would search for "sharia law" or I would search for "the Holocaust," and you might be able to guess what the algorithms showed me, right? ||||||||||||||||||Islamic legal system||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||샤리아||||||||홀로코스트||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||sharia||||||||||||||||||||| Dans le cadre de mes recherches, je me rendais sur Reddit, YouTube ou Facebook, et je cherchais "charia" ou "Holocauste", et vous pouvez deviner ce que les algorithmes m'ont montré, n'est-ce pas ? Então, na minha pesquisa, eu ia ao Reddit, YouTube ou Facebook, e procurava por "lei da sharia" ou por "Holocausto", e você poderia adivinhar o que os algoritmos me mostravam, certo? Поэтому в своих исследованиях я заходил на Reddit, YouTube или Facebook, набирал в поисковике "законы шариата" или "Холокост", и вы, наверное, догадываетесь, что мне показывали алгоритмы, верно? "Is sharia law sweeping across the United States? |sharia|||||| |||확산되고 있다|||| |||en expansión|por todo||| "Macht sich die Scharia in den Vereinigten Staaten breit? "¿Se está extendiendo la sharia por Estados Unidos? "A lei da sharia está varrendo os Estados Unidos? "Распространяются ли законы шариата на США? " "Did the Holocaust really happen? " Dumb skepticism. So we've ended up in this bizarre dynamic online, where some people see bigoted propaganda as being edgy or being dangerous and cool, and people see basic truth and human decency as pearl-clutching or virtue-signaling or just boring. |||||||||||||prejudiced or intolerant||||provocative or daring|||||||||||||||pearl|overreacting to propriety|||||| |||||||||||||||||첨예한|||||||||||||||진주를 움켜|가치관을 내|||||| ||||||||||||ven||||||||||||||||||||||||||| So sind wir in dieser bizarren Online-Dynamik gelandet, in der einige Leute bigotte Propaganda als ausgefallen oder gefährlich und cool ansehen, während andere die grundlegende Wahrheit und den menschlichen Anstand als Perlenschnur oder Tugendhaftigkeit oder einfach als langweilig ansehen. Así que hemos terminado en esta extraña dinámica en línea, donde algunas personas ven la propaganda intolerante como algo vanguardista o peligroso y guay, y la gente ve la verdad básica y la decencia humana como una forma de hacer perlas o de señalar la virtud o simplemente aburrido. Nous nous sommes donc retrouvés dans cette dynamique bizarre en ligne, où certaines personnes considèrent la propagande fanatique comme étant branchée ou dangereuse et cool, et où d'autres considèrent la vérité élémentaire et la décence humaine comme de l'embrigadement ou de la signalisation de la vertu ou tout simplement ennuyeuse. Então, acabamos nessa bizarra dinâmica online, onde algumas pessoas veem a propaganda preconceituosa como sendo ousada ou perigosa e legal, e as pessoas veem a verdade básica e a decência humana como pérolas ou sinais de virtude ou apenas chatas. Таким образом, мы оказались в этой странной динамике в Интернете, где некоторые люди считают фанатичную пропаганду модной, опасной и крутой, а люди считают элементарную правду и человеческую порядочность жемчужным скрежетом, добродетельным сигналом или просто скукой. And the social media algorithms, whether intentionally or not, they have incentivized this, because bigoted propaganda is great for engagement. ||||||||||||||prejudiced or biased||||| |||||||||||유도했다|||||||| Und die Algorithmen der sozialen Medien haben, ob nun absichtlich oder nicht, Anreize dafür geschaffen, denn bigotte Propaganda ist gut für das Engagement. И алгоритмы социальных сетей, намеренно или нет, стимулируют это, поскольку фанатичная пропаганда отлично подходит для вовлечения. Everyone clicks on it, everyone comments on it, whether they love it or they hate it. So the number one thing that has to happen here is social networks need to fix their platforms. Así que lo primero que tiene que ocurrir aquí es que las redes sociales tienen que arreglar sus plataformas. Поэтому первое, что здесь должно произойти, - социальные сети должны исправить свои платформы. (Applause)

So if you're listening to my voice and you work at a social media company or you invest in one or, I don't know, own one, this tip is for you. Так что если вы слушаете мой голос и работаете в компании социальных сетей, инвестируете в нее или, не знаю, владеете ею, этот совет для вас. If you have been optimizing for maximum emotional engagement and maximum emotional engagement turns out to be actively harming the world, it's time to optimize for something else. ||||최적화하고 있다||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||dañando activamente||||||||| Wenn Sie auf maximales emotionales Engagement optimiert haben und sich herausstellt, dass maximales emotionales Engagement der Welt aktiv schadet, ist es an der Zeit, auf etwas anderes zu optimieren. Si vous avez optimisé votre engagement émotionnel pour qu'il soit maximal et qu'il s'avère qu'il nuit activement au monde, il est temps de l'optimiser pour autre chose. Se você está otimizando para o máximo envolvimento emocional e o máximo envolvimento emocional acaba prejudicando ativamente o mundo, é hora de otimizar para outra coisa. Если вы оптимизировали свою работу на максимальную эмоциональную вовлеченность, а максимальная эмоциональная вовлеченность, как оказалось, активно вредит миру, значит, пора оптимизировать работу на что-то другое. Якщо ви проводили оптимізацію для максимального емоційного залучення, а максимальне емоційне залучення виявляється активно шкодить світу, настав час оптимізувати для чогось іншого. (Applause)

But in addition to putting pressure on them to do that and waiting for them and hoping that they'll do that, there's some stuff that the rest of us can do, too. |에|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Mais en plus de faire pression sur eux pour qu'ils le fassent, de les attendre et d'espérer qu'ils le fassent, il y a des choses que le reste d'entre nous peut faire aussi. Mas além de pressioná-los a fazer isso e esperar por eles e torcer para que eles façam isso, há algumas coisas que o resto de nós também pode fazer. Но помимо давления на них, ожидания и надежды на то, что они это сделают, есть и то, что можем сделать мы сами. So, we can create some better pathways or suggest some better pathways for angsty teens to go down. |||||||||||||anxious or troubled|||| ||||||경로|||||||불안한|||| |||||||||||||tristi e ribelli|||| ||||||caminos|||||||angustiados|||| Assim, podemos criar alguns caminhos melhores ou sugerir alguns caminhos melhores para adolescentes angustiados seguirem. Таким образом, мы можем создать лучшие пути или предложить лучшие пути, по которым могут пойти озабоченные подростки. If you see something that you think is really creative and thoughtful and you want to share that thing, you can share that thing, even if it's not flooding you with high arousal emotion. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||high excitement| |||||||||||reflexivo|||||||||||||||||inundando||||| Se você vê algo que você acha que é realmente criativo e atencioso e você quer compartilhar essa coisa, você pode compartilhar essa coisa, mesmo que não esteja inundando você com uma emoção de alta excitação. Если вы видите что-то, что кажется вам действительно креативным и продуманным, и хотите поделиться этим, вы можете поделиться этим, даже если это не вызывает у вас сильных эмоций. Now that is a very small step, I realize, but in the aggregate, this stuff does matter, because these algorithms, as powerful as they are, they are taking their behavioral cues from us. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||신호|| Nun, das ist ein sehr kleiner Schritt, ist mir klar, aber insgesamt ist dieses Zeug von Bedeutung, weil diese Algorithmen, so mächtig sie auch sind, ihre Verhaltenshinweise von uns nehmen. C'est un tout petit pas, j'en suis conscient, mais dans l'ensemble, cela a de l'importance, car ces algorithmes, aussi puissants qu'ils soient, prennent leurs repères comportementaux auprès de nous. Agora, esse é um passo muito pequeno, eu percebo, mas no conjunto, essas coisas importam, porque esses algoritmos, por mais poderosos que sejam, estão pegando suas dicas comportamentais de nós.

So let me leave you with this. Так что позвольте мне оставить вас с этим. You know, a few years ago it was really fashionable to say that the internet was a revolutionary tool that was going to bring us all together. It's now more fashionable to say that the internet is a huge, irredeemable dumpster fire. ||||||||||||beyond saving|trash container fire| ||||||||||||구제 불능의|쓰레기통 화| ||||||||||||irredimible|fuego de basura| Ahora está más de moda decir que Internet es un enorme e irredimible basurero. Agora está mais na moda dizer que a internet é um enorme e irremediável incêndio de lixeiras. Сейчас модно говорить, что Интернет - это огромная, неисправимая помойка. Neither caricature is really true. |exaggerated portrayal||| |풍자화||| |||realmente| Beide Karikaturen sind nicht wirklich wahr. Nenhuma das caricaturas é realmente verdadeira. Ни та, ни другая карикатура не соответствует действительности. We know the internet is just too vast and complex to be all good or all bad. |||||||vastamente extensa||||||||| Sabemos que a internet é muito vasta e complexa para ser boa ou ruim. Мы знаем, что Интернет слишком обширен и сложен, чтобы в нем можно было найти все хорошее или все плохое. And the danger with these ways of thinking, whether it's the utopian view that the internet will inevitably save us or the dystopian view that it will inevitably destroy us, either way, we're letting ourselves off the hook. |||||||||||idealistic and unrealistic|||||||||||bleak future scenario||||||||||||||| |||||||||||유토피아적|||||||||||디스토피아적||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||distópica|||||||||||dejándonos llevar||||del libre albedrío Et le danger de ces modes de pensée, qu'il s'agisse de la vision utopique selon laquelle Internet nous sauvera inévitablement ou de la vision dystopique selon laquelle il nous détruira inévitablement, c'est que, dans tous les cas, nous nous laissons aller à l'erreur. E o perigo com essas formas de pensar, seja a visão utópica de que a internet inevitavelmente nos salvará ou a visão distópica de que ela inevitavelmente nos destruirá, de qualquer forma, estamos nos livrando do gancho. И опасность такого мышления, будь то утопическое представление о том, что Интернет нас неизбежно спасет, или антиутопическое, что он нас неизбежно погубит, в любом случае заключается в том, что мы сами сбрасываем себя со счетов. There is nothing inevitable about our future. The internet is made of people. People make decisions at social media companies. People make hashtags trend or not trend. People make societies progress or regress. |||||go backward |||||퇴보하다 Las sociedades progresan o retroceden. When we internalize that fact, we can stop waiting for some inevitable future to arrive and actually get to work now. ||내면화하다|||||||||||||||||| Cuando interiorizamos este hecho, podemos dejar de esperar a que llegue un futuro inevitable y ponernos a trabajar ahora. Quando internalizamos esse fato, podemos parar de esperar que algum futuro inevitável chegue e realmente começar a trabalhar agora. Когда мы осознаем этот факт, мы можем перестать ждать наступления какого-то неизбежного будущего и начать работать уже сейчас.

You know, we've all been taught that the arc of the moral universe is long but that it bends toward justice. ||||||||||||||||||구부러진다|| ||||||||||||||||||si piega|| Uns allen wurde beigebracht, dass der Bogen des moralischen Universums lang ist, aber dass er sich in Richtung Gerechtigkeit neigt. You know, we've all been taught that the arc of the moral universe is long but that it bends toward justice. Vous savez, on nous a tous appris que l'arc de l'univers moral est long mais qu'il s'infléchit vers la justice. Você sabe, todos nós fomos ensinados que o arco do universo moral é longo, mas que se inclina para a justiça. Нас всех учили, что дуга нравственного мироздания длинна, но она изгибается в сторону справедливости. Maybe. Maybe it will. Puede que sí. But that has always been an aspiration. ||||||goal Aber das war schon immer ein Anspruch. But that has always been an aspiration. Pero siempre ha sido una aspiración. Но это всегда было стремлением. It is not a guarantee. No es una garantía. The arc doesn't bend itself. |||curve or flex| |||se dobla| Der Bogen krümmt sich nicht von selbst. El arco no se dobla solo. O arco não se dobra. Дуга не гнется сама по себе. It's not bent inevitably by some mysterious force. ||curved or twisted||||| |||inevitablemente|||| No se dobla inevitablemente por una fuerza misteriosa. Não é dobrado inevitavelmente por alguma força misteriosa. Она не изгибается неизбежно под действием какой-то таинственной силы. The real truth, which is scarier and also more liberating, is that we bend it. |||||more frightening||||||||| |||||더 무섭다||||해방적인||||| Die wirkliche Wahrheit, die erschreckender und auch befreiender ist, besteht darin, dass wir sie verbiegen. La auténtica verdad, que es más aterradora y también más liberadora, es que la doblamos. La vraie vérité, qui est plus effrayante mais aussi plus libératrice, c'est que nous la plions. A verdade real, que é mais assustadora e também mais libertadora, é que a dobramos. Настоящая правда, более страшная и одновременно более освобождающая, заключается в том, что мы ее гнем.

Thank you.

(Applause)